Lancaster Tutorials

Question 1

What are the extra symptoms found in upper urinary tract infections?

Answer 1

• Rigors
• Malaise
• Loin/back pain
• Vomiting
• Fever

Question 2

What are the risk factors for getting a UTI?

Answer 2

• Female
• Preganancy
• Menopause
• Sexual intercourse
• Catheterisation
• Urinary tract malformations
• Urinary stones

Question 3

What are the symptoms for lower Urinary tract infections?

Answer 3

• Dysuria (pain when peeing)
• Frequency
• Haematuria
• Suprapubic discomfort
• Cloudy urine
• Smelly urine
• Burning urgency

Question 4

What is special about antibiotics such as co-amoxiclav?

Answer 4

Co-amoxiclav is a broad spectrum antibiotic containing amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor meaning it is able to reduce antibiotic resistance, making the amoxicillin more effective.

Question 5

What is the abx are usually used to treat cystitis?

Answer 5

• Trimethaprin

- Nitrofurantoin (if pregnant)

Question 6

What is the Sepsis 6?

Answer 6

BUFALOs with Sepsis

Bloods (take a blood culture)
Urea (measure urine output)
Fluids (start IV fluid resuscitation)
Anti-biotics (start patient on IV broadspec abx e.g co-amoxiclav & gentamicin)
Lactate (measure serum lactate)
Oxygen (start patient on 15L high flow oxygen.)

Question 7

What is the triad for upper urinary tract infections?

Answer 7

• Vomitting
• Flank loin pain - radiating to the back
• Fever

Question 8

Which factors must you consider when prescribing antibiotics?

Answer 8

-Which organism you are targeting
- Prescribing responsibly (broad spec vs narrrow)
- The patient’s;
Age
Allergies
Severity of illness
Can they swallow or not (consider IV)
Renal Function (avoid gentamicin)
Liver function (C-amoxiclav)
Pregnancy
Breastfeeding
Interactions with other drugs

Question 9

Which investigations must you perform for with a suspected UTI?

Answer 9

• Urine dipstick (haematuria, proteinuria, +ve nitrates, +ve leucocytes.)
• Urine Microscopy
• Urine MCS
• Genital examination (swab check for STI)
• Blood culture - FBC, CRP and B-HCG (check for ectopic pregnancy in females).

Question 10

What are the 5 types of shock?

Answer 10

The CHAN’s are shocking

Cardiogenic Shock
Hypovolaemic Shock
Anaphylactic Shock
Neurogenic SHock
Septic Shock