LAN Workshop Flashcards
What is a network?
Two or more computers connected together to share resources
What are network protocols?
Rules and standards that allow computers to connect and exchange information
What sort of network has
- No dedicated servers
- Computers can provide and request services
- Resources are kept and managed locally
Peer-to-peer
What sort of network is sometimes called a workgroup?
Peer to peer
What are client characteristics?
Requests services or access to resources
What are server characteristics?
Provides a services or allows access to network resources
What is the internet protocol suite that links devices worldwide?
TCP/IP
Describe the internet structure
Tier-1 ISPs like verizon, AT&T with national/international coverage
Tier-2 regional ISPs
Tier-3 ISPs and local ISPs that are last hop “access” networks close to end systems
What is simplex communication?
Communication only occurs in one direction
What is duplex communication?
Two parties communicating in both directions
- Half duplex is only one direction at a time, not simultaneous
- Full duplex is both directions and simultaneous
What is NOS?
Network operating system
- serve requests from other computers
- provide access to resources like printers etc
What is the OSI model?
Open Systems Interconnection - networking function layers
What does the OSI application layer do?
Network application support: FTP, SMTP, HTTP
What does the OSI presentation layer do?
Data representation: encryption, compression etc
What does the OSI Session layer do?
Synchronisation, checkpoints and recovery of data
What does the OSI Transport layer do?
process to process data transfer (TCP and UDP)
What does the OSI Network layer do?
Routing datagrams from source to destination
What does the OSI data link layer do?
Data transfer between neighboring network elements
What does the OSI Physical layer do?
Handles physical connections and bits on the wire.
What is the difference between bridges and switches?
Two ports and multiple ports
What layer do switches and bridges work on?
Data link layer
What layer do NICs, repeaters and hubs work on?
Physical layer
What layer do routers work on?
Network layer
What is the physical topology vs logical topologyT
Physical layout of the devices and media, vs logical paths that the signals take from one point to another
What topology uses very less thinnet cabling, good for small networks and doesn’t need a central device?
Bus topology
Which topology allows for the highest throughput, localises issues and needs a central device?
Star
What topology has no data packet collision?
Ring
What are the features of a coaxial cable?
Copper conductor, insulator, copper shielding and jacket
Speed up to 100mbps and max length is 500m
What is the max transmission speed of thicknet?
10mbps
Out of twisted pair and coaxial, which can be run for longer distances
Coaxial
What is twisted pair cabling used for?
Telephone communications and ethernet
What are the characteristics of STP
Shielded Twisted Pair wraps each pair of wires in metallic foil to reduce crosstalk
Maximum cable length is 100m
What are the characteristics of UTP?
Unshielded Twisted pair has 2-4 pairs of wires
Most commonly used cabling
Which UTP cable is frequently used for 1000BaseT gigabitEthernet?
Cat5e
What are the characteristics of fiber optic cable?
Core of glass or plastic strands that transmit light
100mbps+ speed, max length up to 3000m
What is the Ethernet Multiple Access Protocol?
CSMA/CD
What is 10Base5
Thicknet, 500m
What is 10Base2
Thinnet, 10mbps, 185m
What is 10BaseT
Twisted Pair Ethernet, 100m
What cable does 100BaseTX use?
Cat5e UTP
What cable does 100BaseT4 use?
Cat3e UTP
What cable does 100BaseFX use?
Fibre Optic
What frequency do 802.11a, b and g operate on?
A - 5GHz, b and g are 2.4GHz
What are the two wireless operation modes?
Ad Hoc mode, Infrastructure mode
What is CSMA CA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access
CA - Collision Avoidance
CD - Collision Detection
What is PSTN, and what is it also known as?
Public Switched Telephone Network
Carries analog voice and data with copper wire or UTP
Also known as POTS
Uses Circuit switching
What is ISDN?
Integrated Services Digital Network
Voice and data with circuit switching
Transfers data at 64kbps
What wiring does Digital Subscriber Line use?
Plain twisted pair copper wire
What are leased digital lines and what is the bandwidth of T1, E1 and T3?
Carrier systems
T1 - 1.544 mbps
E1 - 2.048 mbps
T3 - 44.736 mbps
What is frame relay and what is its speed?
Packet switching network up to 2.048mbps
What is FDDI?
Fibre Distributed Data Interface
- Up to 100mbps and 100km
- Token passing ring
What is SDH and SONET using, and what is the speed?
Point to point fibre optic cables, 51,84mbps signal
What are the TCP/IP Model layers?
Application, Transport, Internet, Network Access
What does the TCP/IP application layer do?
defines many of the applications that are used in networks
What does the TCP/IP Transport layer do?
Defines TCP and UDP, reliability and flow control
What is ICMP?
Internet Control Message Protocol - set of error and control messages to track and resolve network problems (ping)
What are process to process protocols?
Setup reliable end to end communication - TCP and UDP
How many bits do IPv4 and IPv6 use?
IPv4 uses 32
IPv6 user 128
What is the address 127.0.0.1
Loopback address or Localhost
What is NetBios
Microsoft network protocol uses logical names and isn’t supported over the internet
What is a hot site?
Every system has a redundant copy and all systems must be up, with automatic fault tolerance through NOS
What is a warm site?
Systems are available more than 85% of the time, use disaster recovery and duplicate technology (backups)
What is a cold site?
Does not guarantee service, little to no fault tolerance, relies on backups and disaster recovery
What is the failure solution for NIC, hub, repeater
Redundant devices
What is the failure solution for a disk
RAID
What is RAID?
Redundant Array of Independent Disks
What is Adaptive Load Balancing?
Increases server bandwidth by balancing outbound traffic across multiple adapters
What is adaptive Fault Tolerance?
Requires two or more adapters to allow redundant backup links to keep applications available
What is link aggregation
Allows parallel physical links between devices
What do surge protectors do?
Prevent short duration high intensity spikes and surges from reaching devices
What do line conditioners do?
Filters out noise and fills in during brownouts
What does Uninterrupted power supply (UPS) do?
Switches over to a battery during power fluctuations
What are the steps for developing a disaster recovery plan?
Maintain an inventory
Consider Threats
Develop a risk assessment table
Consider recovery times and cost
Consider data safety
Data recovery procedure
What are the types of backups?
Full
- Backs up all files selected
Incremental
- Backs up selected files that have changed since the last backup
Differential
- Backs up selected files that have changed since the last full backup
What is a proxy?
software that interacts with outside networks on behalf of a client host.
What does a domain controller do?
Authenticates users to the active directory
What does the file server do?
Repository for the files
What does a print server do?
Host a network printer
What does a web server do?
Create a www accessible website
What is a domain?
Logical grouping of network computers that share a database with centralised administration
What is SNMP?
Simple Network Management Protocol
What is FAT? What are the types?
File Allocation Table
FAT12 - 16mb
FAT16 - 2048mb
VFAT - FAT16 with special features
FAT32 - about 2TB
What is MFT?
Master File Table, located in the $MFT file in the boot sector of the volume
What are the two cluster numbers
Virtual - relative to start of file
Logical - relative to start of volume
What are CDF?
Compact Disk File System - read only file system
What are the characteristics of ReFS?
Resilient File Systems are
1. Resilience
2. Performance
3. Scalability
What is the difference between Linux ext2 and ext3
Ext2 - native file system
Ext3 - metadata storage
What is a workgroup?
Computers in peer to peer
In a workgroup, each computer manages its own _____
Security, access and control, and local security database
What do you need to access a resource on another computer in a workgroup
A local account on that computer
What are users and groups created and managed by in the Windows Servers
Active Directory Users and Computers MMC console
What is the active directory structured hierarchy?
Domains and Organisational units
Connected together to form a tree of objects (users, resources, computers)
What are PDC and BDC
Primary domain controller and backup domain controller
What is a trust relationship?
Users from one domain can access resources in another
What is an AD tree and forest?
Tree is a hierarchy of domains, a forest is multiple trees connected by two way transitive trust relationships
What are objects?
named set of attributes or characteristics that represent a network resource
What is the DFS?
Distributed file system is a tree structure enabling users to access resources in a domain
