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COMPARATIVE ANATOMY > LAMPREY > Flashcards

LAMPREY Flashcards

1
Q

A vertebrate has a ______________, ________________, and ______________________.

A

cranium (brain case), vertebral coolumn, and a well-defined head

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2
Q

Jawless fishes belong to Class

A

CLASS AGNATHA

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3
Q

Round-mouthed fishes

A

SUBCLASS CYCLOSTOMATA

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4
Q

Extinct subclass of jawless fish-like creatures

A

OSTRACODERMS

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5
Q

All eight genera of Lampreys belong to what order?

A

ORDER PETROMYZONIFORMES

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6
Q

Marine lamprey

A

PETROMUZON marinus

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7
Q

primitive characteristics of lamprey

A

absence of jaws, true teeth, and paired appendages; presence of continuous notochord, segmental musculature, straight alimentary tract, poorly developed brain skeleton and reproductive system

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8
Q

specialized characteristics of lamprey

A

eel-like shape, a head without bony armor, and mode of feeding

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9
Q

what is the mode of feeding of lamprey?

A

attaches itself by the mouth cup to other fishes, rasps at it’s prey’s flesh with its horny tongue, and then sucks its blood

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10
Q

what are the modifications of the lamprey

A

digestive and respiratory systems

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11
Q

what do lamprey secretes for continuous utilizationb of the host’s blood?

A

Anticoagulant

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12
Q

Cylindrical in shape; extends posteriorly as far as the last external gill slit

A

HEAD

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13
Q

Cylindrical but becoming laterally compressed near the tail region and extending from the end of the head to the cloacal aperture

A

TRUNK

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14
Q

extends posteriorly from the cloacal aperture

A

TAIL

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15
Q

Three median fins

A

anterior dorsal fin, posterior dorsal fin and the caudal fin

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16
Q

supported by an internal ring of cartilage, this hood-shaped structure is a sucking disk that attaches securely to the host

A

Buccal Funnel

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17
Q

The opening of the buccal funnel is fringed with numerous finger-like structures called

A

Buccal papillae

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18
Q

single median middorsal opening located at the top of the head; olfactory apparatus

A

Nostril

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19
Q

lies just beneath the surface of the skin, and its position is demarcated by the small oval area located just posterior to the nostril; detects changes in light and initiates diurnal color changes in larva

A

Pineal organ

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20
Q

Lidless functional organs for sight

A

Eyes

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21
Q

groups of pores that detect vibrations and movements in water; sensitive to changes in the current and turbulence if the water around the animal

A

Lateral line system

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22
Q

seven oval apertures behind the eyes

A

External Gill slits

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23
Q

muscle segments that can be seen through the skin of the trunk and tail

A

Myomeres

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24
Q

opening of the shallow put on the underside of the body

A

Cloacal aperture

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25
Q

through which the excretory and genital products are emitted

A

urogenital papilla

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26
Q

slit-like opening of the intestine

A

anus

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27
Q

consists of bundles of longitudinal muscle fibers that attach to connective tissue myosepta that separate the myomeres

A

Myomeres

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28
Q

lobulated structure above the anterior end of the notochord

A

Brain

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29
Q

the brain extends into the neural lateral canal as the slender flattened ______________ that lies beneath the upper myomeres

A

spinal cord

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30
Q

shaped like an inverted pyramid; lies above the brain

A

Pineal organ

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31
Q

external aperture leads into the narrow canal that opens into the expanded olfactory sac

A

Nostril

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32
Q

the nostril continues caudoventrally as the elongated _________________

A

nasopharyngeal pouch

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33
Q

median cartilage in front of the olfactory apparatus and brain

A

Cranial cartilage

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34
Q

main skeletal axis beneath the spinal cord

A

notochord

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35
Q

thin tube beneath the notochord

A

Dorsal aorta

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36
Q

lined with rows of horny teeth

A

Buccal funnel

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37
Q

can be seen in sections at both ends of the buccal funnel

A

annular cartilage

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38
Q

aperture at the back of the buccal funnel dorsal to tongue

A

mouth

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39
Q

chamber sloping caudoventrally from the mouth; it terminates by dividing into esophagus and branchial tube

A

pharynx

40
Q

it is a long median structure that supports the floor of the pharynx

A

lingual cartilage

41
Q

first part of the digestive tract; thick-walled tube that is DORSAL to the continuation of the pharynx; expands to form the intestine

A

esophagus

42
Q

ventral continuation of the pharynx lies beneath esophagus

A

Branchial tube

43
Q

curtain-like structure in the opening of the branchial tube

A

velum

44
Q

also known as the respiratory tube because its gill slits lead into gill pouches

A

Branchial tube

45
Q

blood vessel that extends from the ventricle cranially beneath the branchial tube

A

ventral aorta

46
Q

median blood vessel that lies beneath the pharynx and extends caudally to open up into the sinus venosus of the heart

A

Inferior jugular vein

47
Q

beneath the inferior jugular vein; extend laterally and upward within the body wall

A

branchial basket cartilages

48
Q

central cavity surrounded by masses of pharyngeal muscles

A

pharynx

49
Q

extend medially from the retina

A

ocular muscles

50
Q

located on either side of the pharynx

A

eyes

51
Q

embedded in the lingual muscles on the ventrolateral sides of the pharynx, which secretes an anticoagulant

A

pharyngeal glands

52
Q

supports nasopharyngeal pouch

A

cranial cartilage

53
Q

located on both sides of the chondrocranium

A

carotid arteries

54
Q

dorsal most midline structure

A

spinal cord

55
Q

spherical mass directly beneath the spinal cord

A

Notochord

56
Q

vessels located on either side of the notochord

A

anterior cardinal veins

57
Q

blood vessels that lies beneath the notochord

A

dorsal aorta

58
Q

part of digestive tract is characterized by numerous folds of its inner lining that extend from its thick wall

A

esophagus

59
Q

respiratory sacs or internal gills, lined with gill lamellae, that are located on either side of the pharynx

A

gill pouches

60
Q

unpaired vessel located posterior to the fourth gill pouch ; anterior to the fourth gill pouch, it is paired

A

ventral aorta

61
Q

prominent muscle mass beneath the ventral aorta

A

lingual muscle

62
Q

lowermost midline structure

A

inferior jugular veins

63
Q

located on either side of the dorsal aorta

A

posterior cardinal veins

64
Q

located in the midventral part of the body cavity

A

Intestine

65
Q

large unpaired median organ, located above the intestine

A

gonad

66
Q

numerous leaf-like lobes

A

testis

67
Q

mass of eggs

A

ovary

68
Q

located on either side of the gonad

A

kidney

69
Q

support the fin

A

fin rays

70
Q

small blood vessel lying beneath the notochord

A

caudal artery

71
Q

small lamprey larvae

A

Ammocoetes

72
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Adult lampreys migrate from the sea to freshwater as the spawning season approaches.

A

TRUE

73
Q

Three to seven years their length is

A

6 inches

74
Q

reorganization of adult structures, such as the pharynx which becomes divided longitudinally, and the formation of new structures, such as teeth and eyes

A

METAMORPHOSIS

75
Q

The ammoecetes drive its feeding current by

A

muscular activity coordinated by cranial nerves

76
Q

fin located along the upper surface of the body

A

dorsal fin

77
Q

what constitutes the sense organs of the lamprey?

A

Nonfunctional eyes, median nostril, and oval auditory vesicles

78
Q

cup-shaped membrane at the anterior end of the larva encloses a chamber, the buccal cavity

A

oral hood

79
Q

finger-like projections attached to the sides of the oral hood that serve as straining and sensory devices at the entrance to the buccal cavity

A

oral papillae

80
Q

a pair of muscular flaps, each attached to the roof and sides of the buccal cavity at the posterior end of the cavity; cause a stream of water to be directed backward into the pharynx

A

velar folds

81
Q

In metamorphosis, the pharynx divides into a

A

dorsal digestive tube and ventral branchial tube

82
Q

large, dark elongated mass, also called the endostyle; in the embryo, it secretes mucous

A

subpharyngeal gland

83
Q

elongated portion under the digestive tract that extends from the end of the esophagus to the anus

A

intestine

84
Q

organ located beneath the anterior part of the esophagus

A

Heart

85
Q

located behind the heart; contains a large clear vesicle, the gall bladder

A

liver

86
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Muscle segments are more numerous in the dorsal section than they are in the ventral section.

A

TRUE

87
Q

Large dorsal midline cavity containing the spinal cord

A

neural canal

88
Q

project both medially and laterally into the pharynx

A

Gilamellae

89
Q

ciliated middorsal ridge

A

hyperpharyngeal ridge

90
Q

ciliated midventral ridge

A

hypopharyngeal ridge

91
Q

lies beneath the ventral aorta

A

subpharyngeal gland

92
Q

lie near the ventral body wall, one on each side of the midline

A

External jugular veins

93
Q

located on either side of the dorsal aorta

A

posterior cardinal veins

94
Q

paired structures located beneath the interior cardinal veins

A

kidneys

95
Q

occupies most of the peritoneal canal

A

intestine

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY (2 decks)

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