Labs/Findings Flashcards
Anticentromere
Scleroderma (CREST)
Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
Antihistone antibodies
Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
Anti-IgG antibodies
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
Vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegener’s; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg- Strauss syndrome)
Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
Anti-platelet antibodies
Idiopathetic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
“Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
Bacitracin response
Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)
“Bamboo spine” on xray
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
Bloody tap on LP
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
“Boot-shaped” heart on xray
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
Branching gram-positive rods with sulfar granules
Actinomyces israelii
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor
Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome)
“Brown” tumor of bone
Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown colour of osteolytic cysts. Due to: hyperparathyroidism, osteitis fibrosa cystica
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chaga’s disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentric glomerulonephritis
“Chocolate cyst” of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
Circular grouping of dark humor cells surrounding pale neutrofibrils
Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (AR mutationto CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (Tertiary syphilis)
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson’s disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann’s spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
“Owl’s eye” appearance of CMV
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
“Orphan Annie” eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
Eosinophili cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson’s disease)
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)