Labs and Diagnostics

Question 1

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 1

10 - 20 mg/dL

Question 2

Creatinine

Answer 2

0.6 - 1.3 mg/dL

Question 3

Sodium

Answer 3

136 - 145 mEq/L

Question 4

Potassium

Answer 4

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

Question 5

Phosphorous (Phosphate)

Answer 5

3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL

Question 6

Calcium

Answer 6

9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL

Question 7

WBCs

Answer 7

5,000 - 10,000/mm3

Question 8

Hemoglobin

Answer 8

Male: 14-18 g/dL
Female: 12-16 g/dL

Question 9

Hematocrit

Answer 9

Male: 42 - 52%
Female: 37 - 47%

Question 10

pH - ABG

Answer 10

7.35 - 7.45

Question 11

PCO2

Answer 11

35 - 45 mm Hg

Question 12

PO2

Answer 12

80 - 100 mmHg

Question 13

HCO3

Answer 13

21 - 28 mEq/L

Question 14

SaO2

Answer 14

95 - 100%

Question 15

Urine - specific gravity

Answer 15

1.005 - 1.030

Question 16

Urine - pH

Answer 16

4.6 - 8.0

Question 17

GFR

Answer 17

Normal 125 mL/min

Chronic kidney disease - 3 months

Question 18

Intracranial pressure (ICP)

Answer 18

5 to 15 mm Hg

Question 19

Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)

Answer 19

60 - 100 mm Hg

CPP < 50 - ischemia and neuronal death
CPP < 30 - ischemia, incompatible with life

Question 20

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

Answer 20

8 or less indicates coma, 15 maximum, 3 minimum score

–

Eyes Open
4 - Spontaneous response
3 - Opening eyes to name or command
2 - Lack of opening eyes to previous stimuli but opening to pain
1 - Lack of opening of eyes to any stimulus

Best Verbal Response
5 - Appropriate orientation, conversant. Correct id of self, place, time
4 - Confusion. Conversant but disorientation in 1 or more spheres
3 - Inappropriate or disorganized use of words (e.g., cursing), lack of sustained conversation
2 - Incomprehensible words, sounds (e.g., moaning)
1 - Lack of sound, even with painful stimuli

Best Motor Response
6 - Obedience of command
5 - Localization of pain, lack of obedience but presence of attempts to remove offending stimulus
4 - Flexion withdrawal, flexion of arm in response to pain without abnormal flexion posture
3 - Abnormal flexion, flexing of arm at at elbow and pronation, making a fist
2 - Abnormal extension, extension of arm at elbow usually with adduction and internal rotation of arm at shoulder
1 - Lack of response

Question 21

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA1C)

Ranges of note and what test means

Answer 21

4-5.6% normal range

5. 7-6.4: prediabetic
6. 5: diabetic

Test measures amount of glycosylated hemoglobin as a percentage of total hemoglobin (e.g. A1C is 6.5 means 6.5 % of total hemoglobin has glucose attached to it), which depends on the blood glucose level.
Provides a measurement of glycemic control over the previous 2-3 months, with elevated numbers reflecting elevated glucose levels.

(Depending on the source, recommended for diabetes undergoing treatments to keep A1C under 7 or 6.5)

Question 22

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)

Answer 22

70-99 mg/dL

100-125: prediabetic
126+: diabetic

Fasting = no caloric intake for > 8 hours.

Question 23

Cholesterol and breakdowns of types

Answer 23

Cholesterol < 200 mg/dL
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) Male: > 45 mg/dL Female: > 55 mg/dL
Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) < 130 mg/dL