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Biology 1625 Labs 6-11 > Labs 6-11 > Flashcards

Labs 6-11 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a protozoan?

A

Animal-like protist; eukaryote!!

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2
Q

What are the basic characteristics of a protozoan?

A

Single-celled, heterotrophic, organelles instead of organs and tissue

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3
Q

Where are protozoans typically found?

A

Water; fresh and marine

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4
Q

What’s the function of the contractile vacuole?

A

It’s an organelle found in freshwater protozoans used to get rid of excess water

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5
Q

What are the 4 protozoan groups?

A

Excavata, alveolates, rhizarians, unikonta

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6
Q

What group does the Trypanosoma (African Sleep Sickness) belong to? hint: it’s a parasite

A

Excavata

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7
Q

What are the 2 subgroups of alveolates?

A

Ciliates and Apicomplexa

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8
Q

Name 2 defining factors of ciliates

A

They have cilias for movement and they have 2 nuclei

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9
Q

What is the function of the 2 nuclei in ciliates?

A
  1. Reproduction through binary fission 2. Metabolism and growth
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10
Q

What group and subgroup does paramecium belong to?

A

Alveolates, subgroup ciliates

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11
Q

Name 2 defining factors of apicomplexans

A
  1. Parasitic 2. No means of locomotion
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12
Q

What group and subgroup does Plasmodium (Malaria) belong to? Hint: Parasitic and no means of locomotion

A

Alveolates, subgroup apicomplexans

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13
Q

What group does Radiolarians belong to?

A

Rhizarians

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14
Q

Name 3 defining factors of rhizarians

A
  1. amoeboid 2. usually have silica skeletons 3. pseudopod radiating from silica shell.
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15
Q

What is the subgroup of unikonta called?

A

Tubulinids

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16
Q

What does tubulinids mean?

A

True amoeba

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17
Q

Name 4 defining factors of unikontas

A
  1. Pseudopod 2. Usually freshwater 3. Reproduce through binary fission 4. Obtains food through phagocytosis
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18
Q

What phylum do sponges belong to?

A

Phylum porifera

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19
Q

Name the 2 classes of phylum porifera (that are covered in 1625)

A

Class Calcarea and class demospongiae

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20
Q

What are the main characteristics of phylum porifera?

A
  1. Skeletons made of small, inorganic spicules 2. Surface covered in pores (ostia)
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21
Q

Name 3 characteristics of the class Calcarea

A
  1. Small (<1 in.) and slender 2. Found in shallow, marine water 3. Reproduce both sexually and asexually
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22
Q

What class do common bath sponges and fresh water sponges fall into?

A

Class demospongiae

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23
Q

Name the 4 characteristics of the Phylum Cnidaria

A
  1. Radial Symmetry 2. Digestive cavity 3. Some muscle tissue 4. Stinging cells - cnidocytes
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24
Q

What are the 2 forms of the Phylum cnidaria?

A

Polyp and Medusa (Medusozoa)

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25
Q

Name the 3 classes of Phylum Cnidaria (that are covered in 1625)

A
  1. Anthozoa 2. Hydrozoa 3. Scyphozoa
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26
Q

Which classes of Phylum Cnidaria contain medusazoa?

A

Hydrazoa and Scyphozoa

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27
Q

What classes of Phylum Cnidaria contain polyp form?

A

Anthozoa and Hydrozoa

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28
Q

What class does the organism Hydra belong to?

A

Hydrozoa

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29
Q

What class do the organisms anemones and coral belong to?

A

Anthozoa

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30
Q

What class do jellyfish belong to?

A

Scyphozoa

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31
Q

What is an acoelomate?

A

A solid bodies organism lacking a cavity between the gut and the outer body wall.

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32
Q

What is a pseudocoelomate?

A

An animal whose body cavity is lined by tissue derived from mesoderm and endoderm.

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33
Q

Name 5 characteristics of the Phylum Platyhelminthes

A
  1. Flat 2. Bilateral Symmetry 3. Distinct anterior and posterior ends 4. Well developed systems (circulatory, nervous, etc.) 5. Acoelomates
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34
Q

Name the 3 classes in Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoda

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35
Q

Which class do planarians (flat worms) belong to?

A

Turbellaria

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36
Q

True or False: Turbellaria are only marine

A

False; they are mostly marine, but some are freshwater or live in moist habitats.

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37
Q

What class do flukes belong to?

A

Class Trematoda

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38
Q

Name 4 characteristics of Class Trematoda (Flukes)

A
  1. Internal parasites of vertebrates 2. Resistant to host’s enzymes 3. One or more ventral suckers 4. Large portion of the body occupied by reproductive organs and intestines.
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39
Q

What class do tapeworms belong to?

A

Class Cestoda

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40
Q

Name 2 characteristics of Class Cestoda

A
  1. Typically long and flat 2. Highly developed reproductive system
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41
Q

Name 3 characteristics of Phylum Rotifera

A
  1. Microscopic 2. Freshwater 3. Pseudocoelomates
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42
Q

Name the 7 characteristics of Phylum Nemotoda (Roundworms)

A
  1. Mostly freeliving parasites
  2. Long, cylindrical bodies that are tapered at both ends
  3. Bilateral symmetry
  4. Covered with a tough cuticle
  5. Definite organ system
  6. Lack of circulatory system
  7. Sexes separate
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43
Q

What Phylum do roundworms belong to?

A

Phylum Nemotoda

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44
Q

What is the head and the body of the tapeworm called?

A

Head: Scolex
Body: Proglottid

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45
Q

What does bivalva mean?

A

Two valves

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46
Q

What does Gastropoda mean?

A

Stomach foot

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47
Q

What does Cephalopoda mean?

A

Head foot

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48
Q

What does Polyplacophora mean?

A

many plates

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49
Q

What does Polychaeta mean?

A

Many hairs

50
Q

What are the 4 classes under Phyla Mollusca?

A

Bivalva, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Polyplacophora

51
Q

What are the 2 classes under Phyum Annelida?

A

Class Polychaeta and Class Clitellata

52
Q

What are the 2 subclasses under class clitellata?

A

Subclass Oligochaeta and Subclass Hirudinae

53
Q

Name 3 characteristics of phylum mullusca

A

Soft bodies with hard shells (internal and external), Bilateral symmetry, Three main body regions

54
Q

Name the 3 main body regions of an organism classified under Phylum Mollusca

A

Foot, visceral mass, mantle

55
Q

Name 2 characteristics of class bivalvia

A

Shell consists of 2 valves, outer epithelial tissue secretes the shell

56
Q

Name an organism under class bivalvia

A

clam, mussel, oyster, scallops

57
Q

What class do chitons fall under?

A

Polypacophora

58
Q

Name 3 characteristics of class polypacophora

A
  1. Primitive marine organisms 2. Shell made of 8 overlapping plates 3. Foot on ventral side for suctioning onto rocks
59
Q

Name 2 characteristics of class Gastropoda

A
  1. Largest class of mollusks 2. Some adults retain their shells (snails)
60
Q

Name an organism under class gastropoda

A

Snails, slugs, and nudibranchs (sea slugs)

61
Q

What is a radula

A

Scraping structure in the mouth of snails and slugs.

62
Q

Name an organism classified under class cephalopoda

A

squid, octopus, cttlefish

63
Q

Name 3 characteristics of class cephalopoda

A
  1. Most advanced of the mollusks 2. Tentacles (modified foot) 3. Highly developed eyes similar to vertebrates
64
Q

Name 2 characteristics of phylum annelida

A

Segmented worms, true body cavity (coelom)

65
Q

What class does the “sea mouse” fall under?

A

Class polychaeta

66
Q

What class and subclass do earthworms fall under?

A

Class clitellata, subclass oligocaeta

67
Q

True or false? Earthworms are hermaphroditic

A

True

68
Q

What class and subclass do leeches fall under?

A

Class clitellata, subclass hirudinea

69
Q

Name the 4 groups of Phylum arthopoda

A

Trilobites, Chelicerates, Myriapods, Pancrustaceans

70
Q

What group do class merostomata and arachnida fall under?

A

Chelicerates

71
Q

What group do classes chilopoda and diplopoda fall under?

A

Myriapods

72
Q

What group do classes hexapoda and crustacea fall under?

A

Pancrustaceans

73
Q

Name the 3 classes under phylum echinodermata

A

Asteroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea

74
Q

What animal phyla contains 85% of the known animal species?

A

Phylum Arthropoda

75
Q

Name 2 characteristic of Phylum Arthropoda

A

Segmented bodies with hard exoskeletons

76
Q

Name 1 characteristic of the group trilobites

A

Extinct marine arthropods w/ distinct head, body, and tail.

77
Q

Name 3 characteristics of group chelicerates

A

Primarily terrestrial, have 2 regions (cephalothorax and head), 6 pairs of appendages

78
Q

What are chelicerae?

A

First pair of appendages on chelicerates (pinchers/jaws)

79
Q

What class do horseshoe crabs fall under?

A

Class Merostomata

80
Q

Name 3 organisms under class arachnida

A

Spiders, ticks, scorpions, mites

81
Q

What does “myriapods” mean?

A

Many body segments probably lol

82
Q

What group do centipedes and millipedes fall under?

A

Myriapods

83
Q

What class do insects belong to?

A

Hexapoda

84
Q

Name a few organisms classified under class crustacea

A

Lobsters, shrimp, crabs, crayfish, potato bug :)

85
Q

Name 4 characteristics of Phylum Echinodermata

A
  1. Bottom dwelling marine animals 2. Radial symmetry 3. Deuterostomes 4. True coelom
86
Q

True or false: only some echinoderms have a water vascular system.

A

False, they all do

87
Q

What are the 3 main functions of a water vascular system in echinoderms?

A
  1. Transport food and waste 2. Respiration 3. Locomotion
88
Q

What class do all starfish fall under?

A

Class Asteroidea

89
Q

What class do sea urchins and sand dollars fall under?

A

Class Echinoidea

90
Q

What class do sea cucumbers fall under?

A

Class Holothuroidea

91
Q

What are the class of a crayfish called?

A

Cheliped

92
Q

Name the 3 subphylums under chordata

A

Urochordata, cephalochordata, vertebrata

93
Q

Name the 7 classes under subphylum vertebrata

A
  1. Agnatha, chondrichthyes, osteichthyes, amphibia, reptilia, aves, mammalia
94
Q

What are the big 4 characteristics all chordatas share?

A

Notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, dorsal hollow nerve chord, post anal tail

95
Q

Name the 2 characteristics of subphylum urochordata

A
  1. Common characteristics are present in larval stage 2. Marine organisms covered in a tunic
96
Q

Name 5 characteristics of subphylum cephalochordata

A
  1. Marine, fishlike animals 2. Small <7 cm 3. Shallow water dwellers 4. 22 species 5. Burrows in the sand w/ anterior end sticking out
97
Q

Name characteristics of the subphylum vertebrata

A
  1. Most diverse group of chordates 2. Has backbone with notochords/disks 3. Cranium to protect the brain
98
Q

What subphylum do lancelets belong to?

A

Subphylum Cephalochordata

99
Q

What class do hagfish and lamprey belong to?

A

Class agnatha

100
Q

Name 3 characteristics of class agnatha

A
  1. Jawless fish 2. Vertebrae made of cartilage 3. Both marine and freshwater
101
Q

What class do sharks, skates, and ray belong to?

A

Class Chondrichthyes

102
Q

Name 2 characteristics of class chondrichthyes

A
  1. Cartilage instead of bone 2. Skin has pointed enamel covered scales
103
Q

Name 4 characteristics of class osteichthyes

A
  1. Bone skeleton 2. Dermal scales 3. Gills are covered by an operculum 4. Have a lateral line to sense movement in the water
104
Q

What class do typical fish fall under?

A

Class Osteichthyes

105
Q

Name the 3 mammalian birth types

A
  1. Monotremes 2. Marsupials 3. Placentals
106
Q

What are the 2 poles of a sea urchin egg yolk?

A

Animal hemisphere and vegetal hemisphere

107
Q

What are the 3 developmental phases of a sea urchin?

A
  1. Cleavage phase 2. Blastula phase 3. Gastrula phase
108
Q

Describe the cleavage phase of a sea urchin

A

When the egg first gets fertilized and the cells start spilting creating mesomeres in the animal hemisphere and creating micromeres in the vegetal hemisphere.

109
Q

Describe the blastula phase of a sea urchin

A

The blastocoel (fluid filled central cavity) and blastoderm (single cell layer around the blastocoel) are formed [8 hours]

110
Q

Describe the gastrula phase of a sea urchin

A

The blastopore (on the vegetal pore) forms, folding in toward the animal hemisphere, creating the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm [15 hours]

111
Q

What are the 3 primary germ layers?

A

Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

112
Q

What does the ectoderm become?

A

Skin, sense organs, nervous system

113
Q

What does the endoderm system become?

A

Digestive system

114
Q

What does the mesoderm become?

A

Muscles, blood, and skeleton

115
Q

What is neuralation

A

Neural folds come together and create the neural tube

116
Q

True or false? Since animal pole of a frog egg is lighter it floats and faces the sunlight

A

True

117
Q

What is the main difference between a sea urchin and a frog blastoderm?

A

Sea urchin is single celled, frog is not. The frog blastoderm has more cells in the vegetal hemisphere.

118
Q

What is an archenteron?

A

A primitive gut

119
Q

Is this true or false about chick development? Blastodisc undergoes regular cleavage numerous times

A

False, they’re irregular cleavages

120
Q

What is a somite?

A

Somites appear after 21 hours and are block-like masses of mesoderm eventually becoming vertebrae

121
Q

Where is the notochord located?

A

Under the neural tube

Biology 1625 Labs 6-11 (1 decks)

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