Labs 6-11 Flashcards
1
Q
What is a protozoan?
A
Animal-like protist; eukaryote!!
2
Q
What are the basic characteristics of a protozoan?
A
Single-celled, heterotrophic, organelles instead of organs and tissue
3
Q
Where are protozoans typically found?
A
Water; fresh and marine
4
Q
What’s the function of the contractile vacuole?
A
It’s an organelle found in freshwater protozoans used to get rid of excess water
5
Q
What are the 4 protozoan groups?
A
Excavata, alveolates, rhizarians, unikonta
6
Q
What group does the Trypanosoma (African Sleep Sickness) belong to? hint: it’s a parasite
A
Excavata
7
Q
What are the 2 subgroups of alveolates?
A
Ciliates and Apicomplexa
8
Q
Name 2 defining factors of ciliates
A
They have cilias for movement and they have 2 nuclei
9
Q
What is the function of the 2 nuclei in ciliates?
A
- Reproduction through binary fission 2. Metabolism and growth
10
Q
What group and subgroup does paramecium belong to?
A
Alveolates, subgroup ciliates
11
Q
Name 2 defining factors of apicomplexans
A
- Parasitic 2. No means of locomotion
12
Q
What group and subgroup does Plasmodium (Malaria) belong to? Hint: Parasitic and no means of locomotion
A
Alveolates, subgroup apicomplexans
13
Q
What group does Radiolarians belong to?
A
Rhizarians
14
Q
Name 3 defining factors of rhizarians
A
- amoeboid 2. usually have silica skeletons 3. pseudopod radiating from silica shell.
15
Q
What is the subgroup of unikonta called?
A
Tubulinids
16
Q
What does tubulinids mean?
A
True amoeba
17
Q
Name 4 defining factors of unikontas
A
- Pseudopod 2. Usually freshwater 3. Reproduce through binary fission 4. Obtains food through phagocytosis
18
Q
What phylum do sponges belong to?
A
Phylum porifera
19
Q
Name the 2 classes of phylum porifera (that are covered in 1625)
A
Class Calcarea and class demospongiae
20
Q
What are the main characteristics of phylum porifera?
A
- Skeletons made of small, inorganic spicules 2. Surface covered in pores (ostia)
21
Q
Name 3 characteristics of the class Calcarea
A
- Small (<1 in.) and slender 2. Found in shallow, marine water 3. Reproduce both sexually and asexually
22
Q
What class do common bath sponges and fresh water sponges fall into?
A
Class demospongiae
23
Q
Name the 4 characteristics of the Phylum Cnidaria
A
- Radial Symmetry 2. Digestive cavity 3. Some muscle tissue 4. Stinging cells - cnidocytes
24
Q
What are the 2 forms of the Phylum cnidaria?
A
Polyp and Medusa (Medusozoa)
25
Name the 3 classes of Phylum Cnidaria (that are covered in 1625)
1. Anthozoa 2. Hydrozoa 3. Scyphozoa
26
Which classes of Phylum Cnidaria contain medusazoa?
Hydrazoa and Scyphozoa
27
What classes of Phylum Cnidaria contain polyp form?
Anthozoa and Hydrozoa
28
What class does the organism Hydra belong to?
Hydrozoa
29
What class do the organisms anemones and coral belong to?
Anthozoa
30
What class do jellyfish belong to?
Scyphozoa
31
What is an acoelomate?
A solid bodies organism lacking a cavity between the gut and the outer body wall.
32
What is a pseudocoelomate?
An animal whose body cavity is lined by tissue derived from mesoderm and endoderm.
33
Name 5 characteristics of the Phylum Platyhelminthes
1. Flat 2. Bilateral Symmetry 3. Distinct anterior and posterior ends 4. Well developed systems (circulatory, nervous, etc.) 5. Acoelomates
34
Name the 3 classes in Phylum Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoda
35
Which class do planarians (flat worms) belong to?
Turbellaria
36
True or False: Turbellaria are only marine
False; they are mostly marine, but some are freshwater or live in moist habitats.
37
What class do flukes belong to?
Class Trematoda
38
Name 4 characteristics of Class Trematoda (Flukes)
1. Internal parasites of vertebrates 2. Resistant to host's enzymes 3. One or more ventral suckers 4. Large portion of the body occupied by reproductive organs and intestines.
39
What class do tapeworms belong to?
Class Cestoda
40
Name 2 characteristics of Class Cestoda
1. Typically long and flat 2. Highly developed reproductive system
41
Name 3 characteristics of Phylum Rotifera
1. Microscopic 2. Freshwater 3. Pseudocoelomates
42
Name the 7 characteristics of Phylum Nemotoda (Roundworms)
1. Mostly freeliving parasites
2. Long, cylindrical bodies that are tapered at both ends
3. Bilateral symmetry
4. Covered with a tough cuticle
5. Definite organ system
6. Lack of circulatory system
7. Sexes separate
43
What Phylum do roundworms belong to?
Phylum Nemotoda
44
What is the head and the body of the tapeworm called?
Head: Scolex
Body: Proglottid
45
What does bivalva mean?
Two valves
46
What does Gastropoda mean?
Stomach foot
47
What does Cephalopoda mean?
Head foot
48
What does Polyplacophora mean?
many plates
49
What does Polychaeta mean?
Many hairs
50
What are the 4 classes under Phyla Mollusca?
Bivalva, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Polyplacophora
51
What are the 2 classes under Phyum Annelida?
Class Polychaeta and Class Clitellata
52
What are the 2 subclasses under class clitellata?
Subclass Oligochaeta and Subclass Hirudinae
53
Name 3 characteristics of phylum mullusca
Soft bodies with hard shells (internal and external), Bilateral symmetry, Three main body regions
54
Name the 3 main body regions of an organism classified under Phylum Mollusca
Foot, visceral mass, mantle
55
Name 2 characteristics of class bivalvia
Shell consists of 2 valves, outer epithelial tissue secretes the shell
56
Name an organism under class bivalvia
clam, mussel, oyster, scallops
57
What class do chitons fall under?
Polypacophora
58
Name 3 characteristics of class polypacophora
1. Primitive marine organisms 2. Shell made of 8 overlapping plates 3. Foot on ventral side for suctioning onto rocks
59
Name 2 characteristics of class Gastropoda
1. Largest class of mollusks 2. Some adults retain their shells (snails)
60
Name an organism under class gastropoda
Snails, slugs, and nudibranchs (sea slugs)
61
What is a radula
Scraping structure in the mouth of snails and slugs.
62
Name an organism classified under class cephalopoda
squid, octopus, cttlefish
63
Name 3 characteristics of class cephalopoda
1. Most advanced of the mollusks 2. Tentacles (modified foot) 3. Highly developed eyes similar to vertebrates
64
Name 2 characteristics of phylum annelida
Segmented worms, true body cavity (coelom)
65
What class does the "sea mouse" fall under?
Class polychaeta
66
What class and subclass do earthworms fall under?
Class clitellata, subclass oligocaeta
67
True or false? Earthworms are hermaphroditic
True
68
What class and subclass do leeches fall under?
Class clitellata, subclass hirudinea
69
Name the 4 groups of Phylum arthopoda
Trilobites, Chelicerates, Myriapods, Pancrustaceans
70
What group do class merostomata and arachnida fall under?
Chelicerates
71
What group do classes chilopoda and diplopoda fall under?
Myriapods
72
What group do classes hexapoda and crustacea fall under?
Pancrustaceans
73
Name the 3 classes under phylum echinodermata
Asteroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea
74
What animal phyla contains 85% of the known animal species?
Phylum Arthropoda
75
Name 2 characteristic of Phylum Arthropoda
Segmented bodies with hard exoskeletons
76
Name 1 characteristic of the group trilobites
Extinct marine arthropods w/ distinct head, body, and tail.
77
Name 3 characteristics of group chelicerates
Primarily terrestrial, have 2 regions (cephalothorax and head), 6 pairs of appendages
78
What are chelicerae?
First pair of appendages on chelicerates (pinchers/jaws)
79
What class do horseshoe crabs fall under?
Class Merostomata
80
Name 3 organisms under class arachnida
Spiders, ticks, scorpions, mites
81
What does "myriapods" mean?
Many body segments probably lol
82
What group do centipedes and millipedes fall under?
Myriapods
83
What class do insects belong to?
Hexapoda
84
Name a few organisms classified under class crustacea
Lobsters, shrimp, crabs, crayfish, potato bug :)
85
Name 4 characteristics of Phylum Echinodermata
1. Bottom dwelling marine animals 2. Radial symmetry 3. Deuterostomes 4. True coelom
86
True or false: only some echinoderms have a water vascular system.
False, they all do
87
What are the 3 main functions of a water vascular system in echinoderms?
1. Transport food and waste 2. Respiration 3. Locomotion
88
What class do all starfish fall under?
Class Asteroidea
89
What class do sea urchins and sand dollars fall under?
Class Echinoidea
90
What class do sea cucumbers fall under?
Class Holothuroidea
91
What are the class of a crayfish called?
Cheliped
92
Name the 3 subphylums under chordata
Urochordata, cephalochordata, vertebrata
93
Name the 7 classes under subphylum vertebrata
1. Agnatha, chondrichthyes, osteichthyes, amphibia, reptilia, aves, mammalia
94
What are the big 4 characteristics all chordatas share?
Notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, dorsal hollow nerve chord, post anal tail
95
Name the 2 characteristics of subphylum urochordata
1. Common characteristics are present in larval stage 2. Marine organisms covered in a tunic
96
Name 5 characteristics of subphylum cephalochordata
1. Marine, fishlike animals 2. Small <7 cm 3. Shallow water dwellers 4. 22 species 5. Burrows in the sand w/ anterior end sticking out
97
Name characteristics of the subphylum vertebrata
1. Most diverse group of chordates 2. Has backbone with notochords/disks 3. Cranium to protect the brain
98
What subphylum do lancelets belong to?
Subphylum Cephalochordata
99
What class do hagfish and lamprey belong to?
Class agnatha
100
Name 3 characteristics of class agnatha
1. Jawless fish 2. Vertebrae made of cartilage 3. Both marine and freshwater
101
What class do sharks, skates, and ray belong to?
Class Chondrichthyes
102
Name 2 characteristics of class chondrichthyes
1. Cartilage instead of bone 2. Skin has pointed enamel covered scales
103
Name 4 characteristics of class osteichthyes
1. Bone skeleton 2. Dermal scales 3. Gills are covered by an operculum 4. Have a lateral line to sense movement in the water
104
What class do typical fish fall under?
Class Osteichthyes
105
Name the 3 mammalian birth types
1. Monotremes 2. Marsupials 3. Placentals
106
What are the 2 poles of a sea urchin egg yolk?
Animal hemisphere and vegetal hemisphere
107
What are the 3 developmental phases of a sea urchin?
1. Cleavage phase 2. Blastula phase 3. Gastrula phase
108
Describe the cleavage phase of a sea urchin
When the egg first gets fertilized and the cells start spilting creating mesomeres in the animal hemisphere and creating micromeres in the vegetal hemisphere.
109
Describe the blastula phase of a sea urchin
The blastocoel (fluid filled central cavity) and blastoderm (single cell layer around the blastocoel) are formed [8 hours]
110
Describe the gastrula phase of a sea urchin
The blastopore (on the vegetal pore) forms, folding in toward the animal hemisphere, creating the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm [15 hours]
111
What are the 3 primary germ layers?
Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
112
What does the ectoderm become?
Skin, sense organs, nervous system
113
What does the endoderm system become?
Digestive system
114
What does the mesoderm become?
Muscles, blood, and skeleton
115
What is neuralation
Neural folds come together and create the neural tube
116
True or false? Since animal pole of a frog egg is lighter it floats and faces the sunlight
True
117
What is the main difference between a sea urchin and a frog blastoderm?
Sea urchin is single celled, frog is not. The frog blastoderm has more cells in the vegetal hemisphere.
118
What is an archenteron?
A primitive gut
119
Is this true or false about chick development? Blastodisc undergoes regular cleavage numerous times
False, they're irregular cleavages
120
What is a somite?
Somites appear after 21 hours and are block-like masses of mesoderm eventually becoming vertebrae
121
Where is the notochord located?
Under the neural tube
