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NCLEX-PN > Labs > Flashcards

Labs Flashcards

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1
Q

Total Cholesterol Normal Level

A

Less than 200 mg/dL

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2
Q

Phosphorus Normal Range

A

3.0-4.5 mg/dL

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3
Q

Calcium Normal Range

A

9.0-10.5 mg/dL

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4
Q

Ammonia

A

is a byproduct of protein catabolism. It is normally converted into urea and excreted but in liver disease, ammonia is not converted and serum levels rise. A rise is toxic to the brain and can cause encephalopathy.

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5
Q

Dehydration

A

Results in hemoconcentration and an increased hematocrit. Serum sodium may increase or decrease. The BUN level may be elevated if renal perfusion is reduced.

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6
Q

Serum Protein Normal Levels

A

6.4-8.3 g/dL is normal.

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7
Q

Lactate in sepsis

A

is elevated due to low tissue perfusion and oxygenation.

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8
Q

Prothrombin time

A

Normal PT is 11-12.5 seconds. For pts on warfarin, the therapeutic level is 1.5-2 times the normal level.

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9
Q

Magnesium Normal Range

A

1.3-2.1 mEq/L

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10
Q

Sodium Normal Range

A

135-145 mEq/L

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11
Q

Potassium Normal Range

A

3.5-5 mEq/L

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12
Q

International Normalized Ratio

A

The normal INR range is 0.8-1.1. Pts requiring anticoagulation for afib have targeted INR range of 2-3.

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13
Q

Brain Natriuretic Peptide

A

BNP is a substance that opposes the action of aldosterone. When the ventricular wall is stretched during CHF, BNP is released. BNP causes vasorelaxation and inhibition of aldosterone, thereby lowering fluid volume and blood pressure

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14
Q

Myocardial Infarction Labs

A

Both troponin-1 and CK-MB levels are elevated after a myocardial infarction. BNP is released in response to ventricular stretch and is a good marker of CHF.

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15
Q

D-Dimer

A

Is used to help diagnose deep vein thrombosis

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16
Q

Amylase Normal Ranges

A

Is used to diagnose pancreatitis. The normal range is 25-120 units/L. Levels at least three times the reference range are indicative of acute pancreatitis.

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17
Q

CK-MM

A

elevated levels reflect skeletal muscle damage

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18
Q

Hypocalcemia (Low serum calcium levels)

A

can cause muscle twitching, spasms, petechiae, and tingling. The parathyroid hormone acts to increase serum calcium though the breakdown of bone. Removal of the parathyroid gland may cause this.

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19
Q

WBC Normal levels

A

Neutrophils should account for 55-70 percent of all WBC’s. Lymphocytes should account for 20-40 percent, eosinophils 1-4 percent, and basophils 0.5-1 percent, monocytes 2-8 percent.

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20
Q

Elevated Neutrophils

A

indicative of a bacterial infection

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21
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

elevated potassium levels (>5)

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22
Q

Patients with significant kidney disease

A

Hyperphosphatemia and Hypocalcemia

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23
Q

Elevated Eosinophils

A

indicating parasitosis. Also plays a role in allergic reaction and asthma.

24
Q

Hemoglobin Normal Range

A

Males 14-18 g/dL and Females 12-16 g/dL

25
Q

Creatinine Normal Range

A

0.5-1.4 g/dL

26
Q

CO2 Normal Range

A

23-29 mEq/L

27
Q

Hypoglycemic

A

Less than 70 mg/dL

28
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

Respiratory system is the cause (hypoventilation), increase PCO2, decrease in pH, compensation kidneys reabsorb bicarb (HCO3)

29
Q

Normal pH levels

A

7.35-7.45

30
Q

Normal PaCO2

A

35-45 mm Hg

31
Q

Normal PaHCO3

A

22-26 mEq/L

32
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

is caused by loss of HCO3 or build up of acids (lactic acidosis, diarrhea, renal failure, ketones, ammonium intoxication). pH will be below normal and HCO3 is decreased. Compensation- hyperventilation to eliminate CO2

33
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

Caused by excessive ventilation. Decreased PaCO2 and increased pH. Compensation- kidneys secrete HCO3.

34
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Acid loss from emesis, diuretics, or retention of HCO3 from medications, hyperaldosteronism. Increase in HCO3, and increased pH. Compensation- respiratory centers are not simulated, leading to hypoventilation and CO2 retention.

35
Q

Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve Right (02 release)

A

Decreased pH, increased 2,3 DPG, Increased temperature, Decreased CO, and PCO2 increased.

36
Q

Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve Left (02 Uptake)

A

Increased pH, decreased 2,3 DPG, lower temperature, increased CO, PCO2 decreased.

37
Q

Normal WBC Range

A

4,000-10,000 cells/mm^2

38
Q

HbA1C Normal Levels for Diabetic

A

Less than 7 percent to reduce microvascular complications of diabetes.

39
Q

Normal BUN Range

A

10-20 mg/dL

40
Q

Acute Renal Failure Lab Results

A

Elevated BUN and Creatinine is indicative of renal failure

41
Q

Normal Platelet levels

A

150,000-400,000 cells/mm^3

42
Q

Low Hemoglobin Levels

A

are indicative of chronic renal failure

43
Q

aPTT Values with and without heparin

A

Normal aPTT w/o heparin is 30-40 seconds and a normal aPTT w/ heparin is 60-80 seconds.

44
Q

Why is HbA1c levels monitored

A

It is done to monitor long-term control of blood sugar levels

45
Q

Liver Disease causes

A

an elevation in liver enzymes such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and bilirubin. Liver disease also causes a reduction in plasma proteins and albumin production.

46
Q

What causes jaundice

A

Increase in bilirubin.

47
Q

Normal Lactate ranges

A

0.5-2.2 mmol/L. Elevated lactate is a sign of sepsis or tissue ischemia.

48
Q

Normal Troponin ranges

A

0-0.03 ng/dL. Anything greater than 0.03 is indicative of a myocardial infarction.

49
Q

Graves disease

A

Elevated thyroxine levels and diminished thyroid stimulating hormones are feedback of this disease

50
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

in this disease uric acid and potassium concentrations are generally not affected but phosphorus levels are increased.

51
Q

Elevated lymphocytes

A

is indicative of a viral infection

52
Q

Hemolysis

A

is the destruction of RBC’s. The breakdown of hemoglobin in hemolysis results in bilirubin byproduct, which causes the increase within the blood. Bilirubin levels greater that 2.5 mg/dL will cause jaundice.

53
Q

Normal Magnesium levels

A

1.3-2.1 mEq/L

54
Q

Low Density Lipoprotein Normal Levels

A

Less than 130 mg/dL

55
Q

Triglycerides Normal Levels

A

30-150 mg/dL

NCLEX-PN (1 decks)

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