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Zoology - Year 1, Sem 1 > Labs 1 - 9 > Flashcards

Labs 1 - 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Title of first laboratory.

A

Compound Microscope

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2
Q

State the 4 objective lenses.

A

Scanning - 4x
Low Power Objective (LPO) - 10x
High Power Objective (HPO) - 40x
Oil Immersion Objective Lens (OIO) - 400x

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3
Q

Formula for total magnification.

A

Objective lens magnification x Ocular lens magnification

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4
Q

```

What do you call the clarity of the image?

A

Resolution

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5
Q

Specimens viewed for the first laboratory.

A
  • letter ‘e’
  • cotton fiber
  • Allium cepa root
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6
Q

What is the orientation of the specimen under microscope?

A

inverted & upside down

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7
Q

Define protozoans.

A

microscopic, one-celled, free-living/parasitic organisms

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8
Q

****

Title of the second laboratory.

A

Protozoans

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9
Q

4 types of human-infecting protozoans.

A

Amoeboid protozoans
Flagellates
Ciliates
Sporozoans

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10
Q

What do the 4 types of protozoans use to move?

A

Amoeboid protozoans - pseudopodia
Flagellates - flagella
Ciliates - cilia
Sporozoans - no motile adult stage

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11
Q

Specimens viewed in the second laboratory.

A

Plasmodium, Entamoeba histolytica, Amoeba proteus, Paramecium, Euglena, Giardia lamblia

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12
Q

What is the cell structure of Plasmodium?

A

Ring shaped

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13
Q

What causes amebiasis?

A

Entamoeba histolytica.

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14
Q

What is the reproduction mode of most of the specimens?

A

Asexually (binary fission)

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15
Q

What specimen has a different way of reproducing and what is it?

A

Plasmodium, asexually (multiple fissions) & sexually (in red blood cells)

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16
Q

Cell structure of paramecium.

A

Elongated covered with cilia.

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17
Q

What are the hosts of both Euglena and Giardia lamblia?

A

humans & mammals

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18
Q

What disease is caused by Euglena?

A

sleeping sickness and Chaga’s disease

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19
Q

Cell structure of Giardia lamblia

A

tear drop shape, twin nuclei

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19
Q

Disease caused by Amoeba proteus?

A

Amebiasis or Amoebic dysentery

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20
Q

Cell structure of Entamoeba histolytica

A

single nucleus, single lobose pseudopod

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21
Q

Disease caused by Paramecium

A

none

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22
Q

Hosts of Entamoeba histolytica

A

human large intestine

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23
Q

Cell structure of Euglena

A

Pellide, cell wall, chlorophyll

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24
Q

Disease caused by Giardia lamblia.

A

diarrheal disease, giardiasis

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25
Q

Disease caused by plasmodium

A

Malaria

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26
Q

Distinguishing features of Entamoeba histolytica.

A

Multiple nuclei

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27
Q

Cell structure of Amoeba proteus

A

pseudopods, “water spill”

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27
Q

Distinguishing feature of Giardia lamblin.

A

has a ventral disk

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28
Q

What do you call an adhesive organelle that helps attach to the host’s intestines?

A

Ventral disk

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29
Q

Title of third laboratory.

A

Phylum Porifera

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30
Q

What are simple, multi-cellular animals?

A

Sponges

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31
Q

What kingdom do sponges fall under?

A

Kingdom Animalia

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32
Q

Are sponges heterotrophic or autotrophic?

A

Heterotrophic

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33
Q

Sponges are sessile filter-feeders.

True or false.

A

True

34
Q

Sponges are prokaryotes.

True or false.

A

False

35
Q

What is the most distinctive cell type of poriferas?

A

Choanocytes.

35
Q

What is the role of choanocytes?

A

produces water current through the body wall and filters food particles

36
Q

4 classes of sponges.

A

Calcarea, Hexactinellida, Demospongiae, Sclerospongiae

37
Q

What is the appearance of Calcareas and Hexactinellidas?

A

Cylindrical bodies with radial symmetry.

38
Q

Demospongiae has a cylindrical body and is asymmetrical.

True or false

A

True

39
Q

What is the composition of calcareas?

A

calcium carbonate

40
Q

Presence of spicules in Hexactinellida?

A

6-rayed siliceous spicules.

41
Q

Common location of Calcareas, Hexactinellidas, and Demospongiaes

A

Marine water

41
Q

Composition of Sclerospongiae

A

thick basal layer of calcium carbonate

42
Q

Location of Sclerospongiae

A

Dark coral reef tunnels.

42
Q

Presence of spicules of Demospongiae

A

monoaxon & triaxon spicules

42
Q

Composition of Hexactinellida.

A

Glass-like silica spicules

43
Q

Presence of spicules of Sclerospongiae

A

Siliceous spicules and sponging

44
Q

Appearance of Sclerospongiae

A

resembles corals

44
Q

Presence of spicules in Calcarea

A

Calcareous spicules

44
Q

Composition of Demospongiae

A

Sponging fibers, siliceous spicules.

45
Q

Specimen viewed in the third laboratory

A

Commercial sponge

46
Q

Porifera can form symbiotic relationships.

true or false.

A

True

46
Q

What three things do poriferas lack.

A

nervous system, tissue, and organs

47
Q

Porifera has small openings where water enters, food is captured, and then oxygen was absorbed. What is it called?

A

Ostia

47
Q

3 body forms of porifera.

A

Ascon, Sycon, Leucon

47
Q

4 spicule types.

A

Diactine, Triactine, Tetracline, and Polyactine.

47
Q

Title of fourth laboratory.

A

Cnidaria (Coelenterata)

48
Q

Enumerate the 4 types of animals that fall under Cnidaria.

A

jellyfish, hydra, sea anemones, and corals

49
Q

2 body forms of Cnidarians

A

medusa and polyp

50
Q

Has tubular bodies, one end attached to a substrate, the other a mouth surrounded by tentacles.

Medusa vs. Polyp

A

Medusa

51
Q

Appearance of Anthozoa

A

shows polyp stage but doesnt have a medusa stage

52
Q

Sessile, occurs alone or in groups of individuals.

Medusa vs. Polyp

A

Polyp

53
Q

Has the mouth on the concave side, free-swimming.

Medusa vs. Polyp

A

Medusa

53
Q

Specimens viewed for the fourth laboratory.

A

Hydra cross-section, Hydra plain, Hydra with bud, and obelia hydroids.

54
Q

4 classes of Cnidaria

A

Anthozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, and Hydrozoa

54
Q

Locomotion of Scyphozoa

A

free-swimming

54
Q

Body part for paralyzing/eating prey of Cubozoa.

A

muscular pedalium pushes tentacles, and the manubrium reaches out to engulf food

55
Q

defining characteristics of cnidarians

A

nematocysts and cnidocytes

56
Q

Appearance of Scyphozoa

A

Although the polyp stage is present, the medusa stage is prominent.

56
Q

Locomotion of anthozoa

A

creeping

56
Q

Differentiate nematocysts and cnidocytes.

A

Nematocysts are stingers, and cnidocytes are the stinging cells.

57
Q

Example of Anthozoa

A

sea anemones, seapens, and corals

57
Q

Example of Hydrozoa

A

Hydras and Obelias

57
Q

What is the most venomous group in the 4?

A

Cubozoa

58
Q

What body part to paralyze/eat prey does the Hydrozoa use?

A

They use cnidocytes.

59
Q

Example of Cubozoa

A

Box jellyfish

59
Q

most venomous type of box jellyfish?

A

Australian

60
Q

Appearance of hydrozoas

A

has a polyp and medusa stage

61
Q

Body part for paralyzing/eating prey of Anthozoa

A

Mouth surrounded by tentacles with cnidocytes, pharynx that ingests the food

62
Q

What does pouring vinegar on hydra do?

A

Vinegar causes the hydra to release cnidocytes, and then eventually die.

63
Q

What 3 conditions favor sexual reproduction in Hydra?

A
  • crowded environment
  • environmental stress
  • presence of suitable mates
64
Q

Probable evolutionary reason for 2 reproductive strategies.

A

Asexual = rapid population growth
Sexual = genetic diversity; enhancing long term survival

65
Q

Title of fifth laboratory.

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

66
Q

Specimens viewed for the fifth laboratory.

A

Taenia solium scolex, Taenia solium cysticercus

Zoology - Year 1, Sem 1 (4 decks)

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