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bio lab 2370 (1-10) > labs 1-5 > Flashcards

labs 1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

total mag calculation

A

objective mag X ocular mag

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2
Q

resolution

A

minimum distance that 2 points can be seperated and still distinquished as separate points

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3
Q

numercial aperture

A

measure of lens ability to capture light coming from the specimen and use it to make image

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4
Q

resolution calculation

A

d= (0.5)l/NA

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5
Q

of average wavelength

A

550 nm

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6
Q

working distance

A

distance between specimen and objective lens

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7
Q

field of view

A

area you can see thru lens

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8
Q

parfocal

A

remains in focus after rotating

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9
Q

koehler illumination

A

optimizes contrast and resolving power by aligning and centering the light path

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10
Q

what adjustments do you have to make to get a good image or resolution

A

use fine focus knob

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11
Q

numerical aperature of each lens

A

10x= 0.25 40x= 0.65 100x= 1.25

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12
Q

what does blue light filter do

A

light gets balanced out cause of certain hue given

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13
Q

what is diopter adjustment?

A

allows each eye to focus seperately

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14
Q

ocular micrometer

A

one of the eyepieces

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15
Q

stage micrometer

A

has a ruler

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16
Q

condenser lens

A

light passes thru

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17
Q

resolving power

A

seperate between small or closely adjacent objects

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18
Q

what does immersion oil allow

A

light does not bend and more light is collected into lens

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19
Q

aperture iris diaphram

A

around condenser used to match with aperture of lens helps optimum depth of focus, image contrast and resolving power

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20
Q

closing diaphram in koehelr

A

contrast decreases

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21
Q

open diaphram in koehelr

A

becomes grainy resolution decreases

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22
Q

aseptic technique

A

done to protect cultures as well as work and environment

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23
Q

pure culture

A

culture free of contamination and containing organisms all from one cell

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24
Q

pathogen

A

diease producing microorganisms

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25
Q

why are bacteria transfered

A

need fresh nutrients and need to be removed from own toxic waste and when needed for certain testing

26
Q

flaming

A

kills of any organisms that be on area and make sure to from handle to tip so prevents from spraying into air

27
Q

aerosols

A

boiling droplets of microorganisms

28
Q

bacticinerator

A

sterilizes needles, loops, and culture tube mouths, prevents aerosols

29
Q

pipets

A

transfer of liquids

30
Q

why hold pipets at blunt end when inserting

A

reduces breakage and maintains sterility

31
Q

alcohol flaming

A

dip into alcohol then pass thru and out flame until alcohol burn off

32
Q

prevent danger of alcohol flaming by

A

holding forceps horizontal so cannot drip onto ur hand or bench

33
Q

what does 1mL in 1/100 mean on 1mL pipet

A

can hold 1ml of volume that is gradulated in increments of 1/100 of a mL

34
Q

what does 10 mL in 1/10 mean on 10ml pipet

A

can measure max 10 mL and smallest incrememt being 1/10mL

35
Q

why is it susuggested that you loosen tube lids before exposing a sterile pipet to air?

A

this allows exposure to air kept at a minimum

36
Q

why cool loop before taking bacteria

A

if too hot can kill bacteria

37
Q

why put tube rack near a bactincinerator

A

so you can work faster with siwtching bacteria and keep exposure or contamination of other substances less

38
Q

what can limit growth of bacteria in tsb

A

temp, moisture, nutrients(less tsb added), O2 levels, and pH levels

39
Q

why is it a good idea to work near bac or flame with bacteria

A

prevents aersol production

40
Q

cyanobacteria

A

photosynthetic

41
Q

heterotrophic

A

requires organic molecules for carbon source

42
Q

division of cocci on 1 plane

A

diplococcus or chain (strepto)

43
Q

division of cocci on 2 planes

A

tetrad

44
Q

division of cocci on 3 planes regular

A

packet

45
Q

division of cocci on 3 planes irregular

A

grape-like cluster

46
Q

rod arrangements

A

single, pairs, chains, pallisades(picket fence), x’s and y’s, and pleomorphic

47
Q

spirilla and spirochete arangement

A

singles

48
Q

other arrangements

A

vibros(slightly curved rods) and coccobacilli (short rods)

49
Q

endospores

A

highly resistant forms and resist staining so seen as shiny circles

50
Q

flagella

A

threadlike organelles propel cells and need special staining

51
Q

3 types of photosynthetic bacteria

A

purple bacteria, green bacteria, and cyanobacteria

52
Q

what colours can photosynthetic bacteria have

A

blue-green, red, violet, brown, or black

53
Q

oxygenic photosynthesis

A

using water as electron donor and produce oxygen as waste product-cyanobacteria does

54
Q

anoxygenic photosynthesis

A

other molecules as electron source and no oxygen production- purple and green does

55
Q

how is cyanobacteria diff from photosynethic bacteria

A

plant-like photosynthesis, chlorophyll a, use co2 as carbon source, grow in extremes, fix nitro

56
Q

heterocysts

A

nitro fixing cells have thick walls and other specializations so can stay anaerobic to protect nitrogenase enzyme(o2 sensitive)

57
Q

brownian movement

A

motion caused by particle suspended in a liquid colliding with molecules of medium near

58
Q

true mobility

A

directed movement; in 1 direction and occasional spin or roll

59
Q

chemotaxis, phototaxis, and aerotaxis

A

ability to move away or toward chemicals, lights, or O2

60
Q

Biodetritus

A

fragments of decomposing material

61
Q

Differences between anabaena and oscillatoria

A

ana- filament chain ;oscill-strand-like

bio lab 2370 (1-10) (2 decks)

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