labs 1-5 Flashcards
well characterized microbes NOT known to consistently cause disease
Biosafety Level 1
microorganisms which are known to cause human disease
Biosafety Level 2
microbes with potential for aerosol transmission
Biosafety Level 3
very high risk of illness, high risk of death, treatments not available
Biosafety Level 4
liquid medium for microorganisms to grow
nutrient broth
solid medium for microorganisms to grow
nutrient agar
which favors the growth of one group of microorganisms while inhibiting or preventing the growth of others
selective media
a growth medium that will usually contain an indicator chemical that will change color, detecting the presence or absence of a specific type of metabolic activity
differential media
a growth medium that will contain a rare or unique ingredient to favor the growth of unusual or difficult to grow microorganisms
enrichment media
organisms growing on a solid surface can tell you what kind of information that organisms growing in a liquid can’t provide
isolation of colonies, ability to count them
why something may grow on a negative control sector
accidentally gets touched by swab, something from the air current landed on it
features or location of a surface that has a low chance of having living microbes on it
dry environment, low traffic, extreme high or low temperature, flat surface
why not all microbes grow on nutrient agar
might not have the right type of food, may not have the right type of air flow
colony morphology - shapes
round, irregular, filamentus, rhizoid, curled
colony morphology - edge features
entire, filamentus, undulate, lobate
colony morphology - elevation features
flat, raised, convex, umbinate, crateriform
disease that occurs occasionally
sporadic disease
disease that is nearly alway present
endemic disease
disease that has a sudden or unusually high spike
epidemic disease
epidemic disease that occurs in many countries or populations at the same time
pandemic disease
carry the pathogens but do not have the disease
passive carrier
a person who is capable of transmitting the pathogen during the incubatory period of a particular disease
incubatory carrier
a person who is capable of transmitting the pathogen during the recovery period
convalescent carrier
a person who has completely recovered from a disease but continues to harbor the pathogen indefinitely
active carrier
modes of transmission - direct skin to skin
touching skin to skin, handshaking
modes of transmission - direct mucous membrane to mucous membrane
such as kissing and sex
modes of transmission - indirect contact from airborne droplets
such as sneezing or coughing
modes of transmission - indirect contact from food or water contaminated from fecal material
such as food preparer not washing hands after using the restroom
modes of transmission - indirect contact from arthropod vectors
such as mosquitoes, flies, fleas, lice, ticks, and mites
modes of transmission - indirect contact from contaminated fomites
unclean toilet seats, not changing gloves between patients - respiratory secretions, blood, urine, feces, from ill individuals
modes of transmission - indirect contact from transfusion of contaminated blood
not changing needle between patients
Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB)
selective - favors growth of enteric bacteria, lactose and sucrose are added in, dyes (eosin y & methylene blue) inhibit growth of gram positive bacteria
differential - lactose fermentation and pH change color of colony
favors bacteria from colon
Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)
selective - high concentration of NaCl
differential - fermentation of mannitol & lowers pH
favors skin cells
Blood Agar
enriched - TSA portion and blood
differential - hemolytic abilities
