Labour Market Flashcards
What is a labour market?
A place where employers and employees come together to bargain for labour in return for wages or wages in return for labour
Why is a healthy labour market important?
A healthy labour market will mean that labour provided by employees is efficient, and that workers are matched with jobs which match their skillset. Basically ensures productivity and increase GDP
What is derived demand?
Derived demand in terms of labour refers to the interaction between factor and product markets. Product markets send a message to businesses about certain final goods and services which are high in demand, and thus business requests more factors of production to keep up with demand
What are the three influences on the outputs of a firm
General economic conditions
Conditions in the firm’s industry
Demand for an individual’s firm’s products
What is productivity of labour?
Refers to the output per unit of labour per unit of time
What are the factors of productivity of labour? (5)
Education Skill Health Level of motivation Technology
What are the five factors affecting supply of labour?
Pay/Remuneration
Working conditions
Human capital, skills, enterprise, education/training levels
Mobility of labour
Participation rate
What is the labour force?
A concept which refers to a pool of humans who are in employment
What is working age population?
Refers to the amount of the population who are of working age
What are the short term factors affecting participation rate?
Amount of pay, poor work planning
What are the long term factors that influence the participation rate
Gender, education, martial status, young children at home
How does government policy influence the supply of labour
It may provide certain incentives for people to either start working or for businesses to hire more people
What are 3 examples of government policy influencing the supply of labour?
Seen through the JobKeeper payments. The JobKeeper Payment is designed to help businesses affected by the Coronavirus to cover the costs of their employees’ wages, so that more employees can retain their job and continue to earn an income.
JobMaker Policy - incentive for businesses to employ young, by paying them up to $200 per week for hiring young people (16-35%)
Lower income taxes will motivate more people to start working
What is unemployment?
When an individual wants to work but aren’t able to find a job, and thus, not all labour resources in an economy are utilised
How does population size impact the size of the workforce?
It sets the limit to which the workforce can grow. Larger total population = larger potential workforce
Migration rates in the past decades?
around 40% of Australia’s population growth since WW2
How does temporary migration affect the labour market? (2)
Our economy is especially reliant on migration. This is able to be seen through the reliance on backpackers and international students to fill positions of hospitality, fruit picking. This is seen through the Working Holiday Makers scheme which promotes this
Migration is also good as it allows for migrants to transfer knowledge to our workforce
How does permanent immigration affect the labour market?
Aus normally accepts highly skilled immigrants, and thus a higher skilled workforce due to this immigration
What is the age distribution of the Australian workforce?
15-65 years old typically. People under 15 are in school, people over 65 are retired
What is a trend in the age distribution of the Aus workforce?
Increased ageing of population and less people under 15 working, means that the median age has risen from 31.1 to 36.8
How does education impact the workforce?
Improves quality of the workforce, with individuals that have higher levels of education earning much more income on average.
Has there been a change in demand for education from businesses?
Yes
What is the change in demand for education in businesses? (Statistics) (2000-2020) (Bachelor degree)
25.6% - 32.4%
What are the 4 main sources of income? with percentages
Wages and salaries (55%)
Business profits and capital investment (18%)
Property income (12%)
Government benefits (10%)