LABORATORY WORKFLOW AND LABORATORY SAFETY Flashcards
PPT based
THREE PHASES OF TESTING PROCESS
Pre-analysis
Analysis
Post-analysis
- Activities that take place before testing
- Test ordering and sample collection
- Pre-analysis
- Activities that produce a result
- Running a sample on an automated analyzer
Analysis
- Patient reporting and result interpretation
- Post-analysis
% of testing errors occur in pre analysis phase
32%-75%
factors in pre analysis phase
- Pre-collection variables
- Specimen collection
- Specimen transport
- Specimen processing
hormone that is high in the morning
cortisol
brugia and wuchereria samples are best to collect at what time
after 8 PM
time variation for blood parasites
8-12 hours interval for 2-3 days
peak hours of cortisol
4-6 AM
loaloa samples are best to collect at what time
midday
malaria samples are best to collect at what time
between chills
what will increase in diet after eating
glucose
triglycerides
what hormones will increase if you are stressed
ACTH
cortisol
catecholamines
what hormones will increase if prolonged use of tourniquet
serum enzymes
proteins
protein-bound substances
what hormones will increase if you sit upright
increases hydrostatic pressure which increases protein concentration
what hormones will increase if being in a supine to sitting postition
increases hemoglobin
hematocrit
RBC count
One of the most frequent errors
selecting the wrong lab test
made during emergency situations and should be
documented
Verbal requests
Additional tests requested on a specimen previously collected
add-ons
time of collection
- ASAP collection
- Stat collection: collected and analyzed immediately
- Timed specimens: OD, TID, BID, Qn (e. g. Q12, Q8, Q6, Q4, Q1)
- 2-hour postprandial
- Glucose tolerance test
BID
twice a week
OD
once a day
Qn
Q3 = every 3 hours
TIB
thrice a day (every 8hrs)
reflect the lowest level of drugs in the blood
Trough specimens; Collected 30 minutes before another dose is due
reflect the highest level of drugs in the blood
Peak specimens
Intramuscular
30 minutes- 1 hour after injection
Intravenous
15-30 minutes after injection/infusion
Oral
1 hour after drug is ingested
REASONS FOR SPECIMEN REJECTION
- Hemolysis/lipemia
- Clots present in an anticoagulated specimen
- Non-fasting specimen when test requires fasting
- Improper blood collection tube
- Short draws, wrong volume
- Improper transport conditions (e.g., no ice for blood gases)
- Discrepancies between requisition and specimen label
- Unlabeled or mislabeled specimen
- Contaminated specimen/leaking container
T/F: Excessively high peak levels could lead to toxicity and/or side effects
T
must be avoided to minimize hemolysis
Excessive agitation
Samples must be protected from light
bilirubin testing
Ideally, all measurements should be performed within
45 minutes to 1 hour after collection
preferred for most biochemical determination
Plasma or serum
is the specimen of choice due to its simplicity in collection and handling and no interference from anticoagulants
Serum
Serum or plasma must be stored at … if analysis is
to be delayed for longer than …
4 to 6 degrees C; 4hrs
uses centrifugal force to separate phases of suspension by different densities
centrifuge
- Also known as panic or alert value
- Requires rapid communication with a healthcare provider
who can provide necessary medical interventions
Critical values
Careful planning and compliance with the laws minimize undesired
outcomes
LAB SAFETY
Accidents are often caused by
- Inexperience
- Ignoring known risks
- Pressure to do more
- Carelessness
- Fatigue
- Mental preoccupation
Exposure occurs from ingestion, inoculation, tactile contamination, or inhalation of infectious material
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
Safety features built into the overall design of the product
Engineering controls
Employers must develop a program to address work-related
problems that include cumulative trauma disorders
ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
Barriers that physically separate the user from a hazard
Personal protective equipment
Evaluation of hazards by manufacturers
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
LABORATORY HAZARD PREVENTION STRATEGIES
Work practice controls
Engineering controls
Personal protective equipment
General procedures/policies that mandate measures to reduce or eliminate exposure to hazard
Work practice controls
