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Laboratory Tests Flashcards

1
Q

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

A

Serum (preferred): red top or serum gel-battier tube; plasma: green top; centrifuge and separate ASAP. 8 to 12 hour fast required; show liver function

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2
Q

Ionized calcium

A

Serum: serum gel-barrier tube; plasma: green top tube (frozen); centrifuge and refrigerate as is; Indicates bone cancer, nephritis, and multiple myeloma

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3
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

A

Whole blood: Lavender tube; invert gently 6-8 times immediately after draw; Indicates degree of inflammation

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4
Q

Acid phosphatase

A

Red top or Serum gel-barrier tube; centrifuge, separate and freeze immediately; transport frozen; cancer of prostate

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5
Q

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

A

Serum: red top or serums gel barrier tube; plasma: green top or lavender tube: centrifuge and separate within 45 minutes of collection; Shows hepatic disease

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6
Q

Alcohol (blood) - ETOH

A

Serum: grey sodium fluoride tube (preferred) or red top. Use nonalcoholic antiseptic to clean site; shows intoxication

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7
Q

Aldosterone

A

Serum: red top tube; serum gel-barrier tube. Plasma: lavender- top tube. Centrifuge, separate and refrigerate serum. Preferred that patient is upright and mobile 30 minutes before blood draw. Shows overproduction of this hormone.

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8
Q

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

A

Serum - red top or serum gel-battier tube. Avoid hemolysis, can be performed on amniotic fluid; shows fetal abnormalities, adult hepatic carcinoma, Tumor marker

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9
Q

Aluminum (AL)

A

Serum (preferred): trace-element free plain royal blue top tube, plasma: lavender or heparin. Do not use gel-barrier tube. Avoid external contamination. Shows trace metal contamination, dialysis complication.

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10
Q

Ammonia (NH3)

A

Plasma: lavender, can use green, no gel. Place immediately in ice slurry. Centrifuge within 15 minutes. Separate plasma and freeze in plastic vial. Evaluates liver function, high levels in the blood lead to hepatic encephalopathy

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11
Q

Amylase

A

Serum-red top, serum gel-barrier tube; plasma: green or lavender tube. Centrifuge, separate, and refrigerate serum or plasma asap. Shows pancreatitis.

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12
Q

Antibody screen

A

Whole blood: pink or lavender top; special ID procedures; identifies any atypical antibodies present

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13
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (screen or titer) -ANA

A

Serum: red top tube, refrigerate serum; shows systemic lupus, erythematosus, and other autoimmune connective tissue diseases.

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14
Q

aspartame Aminotransferase (AST)

A

Serum (preferred): red top or serum gel-barrier tube; plasma: heparin gel-barrier tube. Centrifuge for complete separation and refrigeration. Shows acute and chronic liver disease.

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15
Q

Bilirubin

A

Serum: serum gel-barrier tube, wrap in foil to protect from light: spin and separate within 45 min. Refrigerate. Increased with types of jaundice.

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16
Q

Blood culture

A

Whole blood: inoculate two blood culture bottles; one anaerobic and one aerobic from two sites; do not refrigerate; isolated and identified potentially pathogenic organisms causing bacteremia or septicemia

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17
Q

Blood group (ABO) and Rh type

A

Whole blood; large lavender to pink top; special ID procedures; detection of ABO and rh antigens on the red blood cells: detects atypical antibodies for prenatal screen or cross match.

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18
Q

Cancer antigen (CA 125)

A

Serum: red top or serum gel/barrier tube: refrigerate, freeze if testing is delayed. Shows tumor marker primarily for ovarian carcinoma

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19
Q

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

A

Serum: red top or serum gel-barrier tube. Plasma: green gel-barrier tube. Centrifuge, separate and refrigerate. Monitors patients with diagnosed malignancies, malignant or benign liver disease, indicator of tumors

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20
Q

Chlamydia antibodies

A

Serum: red top or serum gel-barrier tube; refrigerate serum collected. Centrifuge and separate serum from clot within 4 hours of collection. For trachoma, psittacosis, lymphogranuloma, and pneumonia.

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21
Q

Cholesterol and HCL ratio

A

Serum (preferred): red top or serum gel-barrier tube. Plasma: sodium hep tube. Separate ASAP and refrigerate serum. Evaluates risk of coronary heart disease.

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22
Q

Complete blood count (CBC)

A

Whole blood: lavender tube. Invert gently 6-8 times immediately after draw; includes WBC, RBC, Hgb, Hct, indices, platelets, and diff. Shows blood diseases.

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23
Q

Copper (Cu level)

A

Serum: royal blue tube, no additive, metal free. Plasma: Royal blue edta tube. Separate and transfer to plastic tubes immediately. Shows Wilson’s disease or nephritic syndrome.

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24
Q

Cortisol (timed)

A

Serum: serum gel-barrier tube, refrigerate serum. Clearly note time drawn. Shows Cushing’s syndrome.

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25
Q

Creatine kinase (CK)

A

Serum: serum gel-barrier tube, refrigerate serum. Shows muscular dystrophy and trauma to skeletal muscles.

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26
Q

Creatinine

A

Serum: serum gel barrier tube. Separate ASAP, refrigerate serum; shows kidney function.

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27
Q

Cytomegalovirus antibody (CMV)

A

Serum: red top or serum gel-barrier tube. Centrifuge ASAP; refrigerate serum. Screens donors and blood products for transplant program.

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28
Q

D-dimer

A

Plasma: light blue tube. Test requires 1mL frozen citrated plasma from completely filled tube. Separate and freeze plasma immediately. Transport frozen. Shows DIC and thrombotic episodes such as pulmonary emboli.

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29
Q

Differential (diff)

A

Whole blood: lavender tube. Make blood smear and stain with wrights stain. Classifies types of leukocytes, describing erythrocytes, and estimating platelets.

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30
Q

Drug monitoring

A

Red top tube, no gel barrier. Centrifuge and separate within 1 hour and transfer to plastic transfer tube. Examples: vancomycin, lithium, carbomazepine

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31
Q

Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl, CO2, lytes)

A

Plasma (preferred): hep gel barrier tube. Serum: red top serum gel-barrier tube. Centrifuge within 30 min after drawing. Shows fluid balance, cardiotoxicity, heart failure, edema.

32
Q

Eosinophil (EOS)

A

Whole blood: lavender tube; invert 6-8 times; allergy studies

33
Q

Epstein-Barr virus panel

A

Serum: red top or gel barrier tube, store serum at 2-8 degrees Celsius. Shows mononucleosis.

34
Q

Factor assays

A

Light blue tube. Invert 3-4 times, centrifuge, separate and freeze plasma immediately. 1 mL for each factor. Used to detect coagulation factor deficiencies.

35
Q

Ferritin

A

Serum: plan red top tube (preferred) or serum gel barrier tube. Refrigerate serum. Shows hemachromatosis and iron deficiency.

36
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Plasma: completely filled light blue top tube. Invert 3-4 times; centrifuge 15 min, separate and freeze immediately. Transport frozen. To investigate suspected bleeding disorders.

37
Q

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT or GT)

A

Serum (preferred): red top or serum gel-barrier tube. Refrigerate serum. Spin and separate. Assists in the diagnosis of liver problems (like hepatobiliary problems)

38
Q

Gastrin

A

Serum: red top or serum gel-barrier tube. Separate serum from cells within 1 hour of collection; freeze serum. Overnight fasting is required. Shows stomach disorders.

39
Q

Glucose, fasting (FBS)

A

Plasma: grey top sodium fluoride or heparin gel tube. Serum: red top or serum gel barrier tube. Separate from cells within 1 hour or use grey top tube. Shows diabetes or hypoglycaemia.

40
Q

Glucose tolerance (GTT)

A

Plasma: grey top sodium fluoride tube. Multiple collections depending on length of test. Shows diabetes and hypoglycaemia.

41
Q

Glyosylated hemoglobin (Hgb A1C) or hemoglobin A1C

A

Whole blood: lavender. Monitors diabetes mellitus.

42
Q

Hematocrit (Hct)

A

Whole blood: lavender top tube. Invert gently 6-8 times immediately after draw. Shows anemia.

43
Q

Hept B surface antibody (HBsAB)

A

Serum: plain red top (preferred) or serum gel barrier tube, refrigerate serum
Determination of precious infection and immunity by hept B

44
Q

Hept B surface antigen (HBsAg)

A

Serum: plain red top tube (preferred) or serum gel-barrier tube, refrigerate serum.
Diagnosis of acute or some chronic stages of infection and carrier status of hept B.

45
Q

Human immuno-deficiency virus antigen (HIV-1)

A

Serum: plain red top or serum gel-barrier tube, refrigerate serum. Use code in place of patients name.
Screen for donated blood and plasma as an aid in the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection.

46
Q

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

A

Serum: serum gel-barrier tube, refrigerate Serum.
Pregnancy, testicular cancer

47
Q

Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM)

A

Serum: plain red top (preferred) or serum gel-barrier tube. Refrigerate
Measurement of proteins capable of becoming antibodies, chronic liver disease, myeloma

48
Q

Iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC and Fe)

A

Serum (preferred): serum gel-barrier tube, separate from cells within 1 hour of collection, refrigerate serum. Fasting morning specimen is preferred
Assist in differential diagnosis of anemia.

49
Q

Lactic acid (blood lactate) (lact)

A

Plasma: gray top tube, do not use tourniquet, centrifuge and separate plasma within 15 min of collection
Measurement of anaerobic glycolysis due to strenuous exercise: increased lactic acid can occur in liver disease

50
Q

Lactate dehydrogenase (LD)

A

Serum: red top tube or serum gel barrier tube. Avoid hemolysis, do not freeze or refrigerate.
Shows cardiac injury and other muscle damage

51
Q

Lead (Pb)

A

Whole blood: royal blue EDTA or tan top lead free tube; screens for lead toxicity, which leads to neurological dysfunction and possible permanent brain damage.

52
Q

Lipase

A

Serum (preferred): red top or serum gel-barrier tube. Plasma: green top
Used to distinguish between abdominal pain and that owing to acute pancreatitis.

53
Q

Lipoprotein

A

Serum: plain red top or serum gel barrier tube. Plasma: green top gel barrier tube. Refrigerate.
Used to distinguish between abdominal pain and that owing to acute pancreatitis

54
Q

High density lipoprotein (HDL)

A

Serum: red top or serum gel barrier tube. Patient be fasting a minimum of 12 hours
Evaluates lipid disorders and coronary artery disease risks.

55
Q

Low density lipoprotein (LDL)

A

Serum: red top or serum gel barrier tube, must be fasting for a minimum of 12 hours
Evaluated lipid disorders and coronary artery disease risk

56
Q

Magnesium (Mg)

A

Serum: serum gel barrier tube
Plasma: green top gel barrier tube
Separate from cells within 45 minutes
Maintain specimen at room temp
Shows mineral metabolism, kidney function

57
Q

Mononucleosis screen (mono test)

A

Serum: plain red top or serum gel barrier tube. Plasma: lavender or pink top tube
Refrigerate serum or plasma
Shows infectious mononucleosis

58
Q

Partial thromboplastin time (activated PTT/APTT)

A

Plasma: light blue top tube filled to stated tube volume. Invert 3-4 times immediately after draw. Do not centrifuge or freeze if the sample cannot be tested within 24 hours.
Shows clotting factor deficiency, monitors heparin therapy

59
Q

Phosphorus (P)

A

Serum preferred: serum gel barrier tube.
Separate from cells within 45 minutes, maintain specimen at room temp.
Shows thyroid function, bone disorders and kidney disease.

60
Q

Prostate specific antigen (PSA)

A

Serum: red top or serum gel barrier tube
Plasma: green top gel barrier tube
Separate and freeze serum or plasma immediately in a plastic vial, transport frozen
Screens for prostate cancer, monitors progression of disease and response to treatment.

61
Q

Prothrombin time (PT)

A

Plasma: light blue top tube, filled to specified amount
Invert 3-4 times, do not centrifuge or freeze if the sample is going to be transported.
Shows clothing factor deficiency, monitors warfarin therapy

62
Q

Red blood cell count (RBC)

A

Whole blood: lavender top tube, invert 6-8 times after draw
Shows anemia

63
Q

Reticulocyte count (retic)

A

Whole blood: lavender top tube. Invert 6-8 times after draw, shows anemia

64
Q

Rheumatoid factor (RF)

A

Serum: red top or serum gel barrier tube, refrigerate serum. Overnight fasting is preferred
Shows arthritic conditions

65
Q

Sputum screen

A

Sputum: true sputum, not saliva
Early morning sample
Shows tuberculosis

66
Q

Streptococcus screen (strep)

A

Submit culturette
Shows strep throat

67
Q

Sweat chloride or electrolytes

A

Sweat: collect sweat specimen by iontophoresis
Shows cystic fibrosis

68
Q

Thyroid profile (TSH)

A

Serum gel barrier or red top tube
Shows hyper or hypo thyroid conditions

69
Q

Triglycerides

A

Serum (preferred): red top or serum gel barrier tube: refrigerate serum
Strict fasting for 12-14 hours is required, water only
Used to evaluate risk of coronary heart disease

70
Q

Vitamin B12 or folate

A

Serum: serum gel barrier tube.
Centrifuge, separate and refrigerate. Protect from light.
Shows macrocytic anemia

71
Q

Urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

Serum: serum gel barrier tube. Centrifuge for complete separation and refrigerate.
Shows kidney function

72
Q

Uric acid

A

Serum: serum gel carrier or red top tube; must be separated within 45 min.
Maintain specimen at room temp
Shows gout

73
Q

White blood count (WBC)

A

Whole blood: lavender top tube, invert 6-8 times after draw

74
Q

Zinc (serum) - Zane

A

Serum: no additive royal blue top tube. Separate serum within 45 min and transfer to plastic transport tube.
Shows liver dysfunction

75
Q

Zinc (RBC) - ZNRBC

A

Whole blood: Royal blue top EDTA tube, refrigerate immediately; hemolysis unacceptable.
Shows lead poisoning and iron deficiency

Lab Tests (1 decks)

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