Laboratory Test Flashcards
1
Q
Lab test to find AMOUNT of ERYTHROCYTE in blood work measured by count
A
Red Blood Count ( RBC )
Lab test
2
Q
Lab test to find PLATELET COUNT in blood sample
Lab test
A
Platelet Count
Thrombocyte count
3
Q
Lab test to find Amount of WHITE BLOOD CELLS in blood sample
Lab test
A
White Blood Count (WBC)
4
Q
Lab test to EVALUATION OF COMPLETE BLOOD CELLS ( hemogram)
Blood test
A
Complete Blood Count
CBC
5
Q
Lab test to Assess the PERCENTAGE of leukocyte distribution in 100 WHITE CELLS sample test
Blood test
A
What is DIFFERENTIAL WHITE cells blood test
6
Q
Lab test To MEASUREMENT of RED BLOOD CELLS by percentage in the amounts ( volume) of blood
A
What is HEMATOCRIT (HCT) lab test
7
Q
Elevated RBC can cause what disorders?
A
The disorders are:
Erythmia, erythrocytosis, dehydration
8
Q
Reduced RBC can cause what disorders?
A
The disorders are:
Anemia, lead poisoning , liver disease
9
Q
Elevated Hgb can cause what disorders?
A
The disorders are:
Dehydration, burns , diarrhea
10
Q
Reduced Hgb can cause what disorders?
A
Hemorrhage , iron deficiency anemia, liver disease
11
Q
Elevated HCT can cause what disorder?
A
Dehydration , burns, diarrhea
12
Q
Elevated RBC can cause disorders of
A
erythmia, erythrocytosis, dehydration
13
Q
Reduced RBC can cause disorders of
A
anemia, lead poisoning , liver disease
14
Q
Elevated Hgb can cause disorder of
A
dehydration, burns, diarrhea
15
Q
Reduced Hgb can cause disorder of
A
hemorrhage , iron deficiency anemia, liver disease
16
Q
Elevated HCT can cause disorder of
A
dehydration, burns, diarrhea
17
Q
Reduced HCT can cause disorder of
A
anemia, fluid overload, thyroid disorders
18
Q
Elevated WBC can cause disorder of
A
anorexia, abscess, burns
19
Q
Reduced WBC can cause disorder of
A
AIDS, anemia, hepatitis
20
Q
Decreased WBC can cause disorder of
A
asthma, acute infection, burns
21
Q
A measurement taken for clot formation.
A
What is PT prothrombin time
22
Q
Screening test of coagulation disorders, time required for platelet clot to form, via Ivy method.
A
What is Bleeding times
23
Q
Evaluation of the functioning of coagulation , screening of u coagulation disorders , monitor effectiveness of heparin therapy
A
What is Erythrocyte Sedimentation
24
Q
Who discovered x-rays?
A
Wilhelm ( sounds like William ) Konrad Roentgan ( sounds like row in it again )
25
X-rays change the photographic colour from ______ to _____?
silver to black
26
X- rays pass through the body based on density. What are least dense to most dense.
```
Air= least dense
Fat= denser than air
Water= denser than fat
metal = most dense
```
27
What is the difference between radiolucent and radiopaque?
radiolucent:
permit x-ray passage ( black )
radiopaque:
obstruct x-ray passage ( white )
28
What are the characteristics of x-rays that allow precise shadow images on the x-ray plate?
Characteristics of the x-ray allow precise formation and accuracy of the tissue on site during radiotherapy procedure.
29
What is the term"scatter"mean?
Scatter: x-ray comes in contact with any material.
30
How is scatter minimized?
A grid is placed in front of the film to absorb scattered radiation before it comes in contact with the film.
31
What is the difference between a greater scale of scatter compare to a fewer grade of scatter?
Greater scatter:
occurs with dense objects ( metal )
Fewer scatter :occurs with radiolucent substances ( black , permits x-ray passages )
32
What is contrast media?
```
radiopaque substance ( obstruct x-ray passage)
( black ) used to administer by the patient during a diagnostic procedure.
```
33
what is contrast media used for?
To be ingested by the patient during a diagnostic radiology procedure to see how the organ is functioning.
34
Why is contrast media best suited for diagnostic radiology?
Accurate visualization of the internal body and its functions.
35
What types of contrast media are there?
liquids, powders, gas, air, and pills
36
How are contrast media administered?
orally, parenterally, and enema
37
What are the two types of contrast media?
barium sulfate and iodine compounds
38
What are the two types of procedures that barium sulfate is used for?
Barium swallow and barium enema
39
What is barium swallow mixture best suited for?
to outline the esophagus, stomach and small intestine
40
What is barium enema mixture best suited?
to outline the colon.
41
Iodine compounds are radiopaque ( white, obstruct x-ray passage )
what kind of substance?
Liquid
42
what kind of test:
| x-ray recording ( graphy ) of blood vessels, heart chambers, using a catheter to insert dye into the blood vessel.
angiography
43
x-ray taken recording (graphy) of aorta or artery in the groin after dye is injested.
arteriography
44
x-ray taken of joint after dye is injested.
arthrography
45
x-ray taken of bronchial ( air passages in lungs ) and lungs are given dye via trachea ( tubes connected to the larynx and pharynx )
bronchography
46
x-ray of bile ducts give dye via IV or orally
cholangiography
47
x-ray of gallbladder and bile ducts after dye is injested by IV
cholecystography
48
x-ray is being taken while the patient voids. bladder is filled with dye. Dye is administered by catheter.
voiding cystourethrogram ( VCUG )
49
two x-ray's of the blood vessels are taken one with contrast and one without. shadows are removed from the image by computer.
digital subtraction angiography
50
x-ray of fallopian tubes and uterus. Dye is administered via vaginal .
hysterosalpingangiography
51
x-ray of lymphatic vessels and glands. Dye is injected into the lymphatic system.
lymphangiography
52
x-ray of renal pelvis and urinary tract. Dye is injected by IV
intravenous pyelography
53
x-ray of renal pelvis and urinary tract . Dye injected via catheter into urethra, bladder and uterus.
retrograde pyelography
54
x-ray of the veins. Dye is injected by IV
venography (phlebography)
55
What is interventional radiology?
interventional radiology is procedures performed by a radiologist during MRI, angiogram, CT scan, ultrasound.
56
What is chemotherapy?
study of drugs in treatment of cancer or other forms of diseases.
57
What is medicinal chemistry?
study of drug synthesis, artificial drugs that are manufactured.
58
What is molecular pharmacology?
Study of drugs interacting, sub-cellular components.
59
What is pharmacodynamics?
study of the Cause and effects of the body
60
what is pharmacokinetics?
study of how the drug is absorbed through the body.
61
what are the four main areas of study through pharmacokinetics?
absorb
distribution
metabolism
excretion
62
what is toxicology?
study of harmful cause and effects on living tissue.
63
what is the first , complex name given to new drugs?
chemicals and elements the new drug is made of.
64
What is the difference with brand name drugs and generic name drugs?
brand name is capital
| generic name is lower case
65
what government agency approves of all drugs sold in Canada?
Federal Health Protection Branch ( FHPB)
66
How many years of legal protection are drug manufactures given ?
twenty years.
67
What is the name of the Act that governs possession, sale, manufacturing of narcotics?
Controlled Drugs and Substance Act
68
What is the newer term used for narcotic?
Opioid analgesic
69
x-ray position:
| front to back
anteroposterior (AP)
70
back to front
posteroanterior (PA)
71
one side, left side near the film, source on left side
lateral view
72
one side, right side near the film, source on right side
lateral view
73
source positioned at an angle
oblique view
74
source positioned directed at the axilla ( armpit )
axillary view
75
source directed from the midline to the side of the part being examined.
mediolateral view
76
source directed from midline toward the side.
supine mediolateral view
77
x-ray source is directed from superior to inferior ( head to toe )
craniocaudal view
78
x-ray positioning:
| movement drawing away from the middle
abduction
79
movement drawing toward the middle
adduction
80
turning outward
eversion
81
turning inward
inversion
82
limb is placed in a straight position
extension
83
limb is bent
flexion
84
lying down on the side with x-ray beam horizontally positioned
lateral decubitus
85
lying face down
prone
86
lying on back
recumbent
87
lying down, either on back or face down
supine
88
How are " in vivo" different from " in vitro" from eachother?
" in vivo" means " in the body"
| " in vitro" means " in a test tube"
89
What are the two forms of nuclear medicine lung scans?
Perfusion lung scan and Ventilation lung scan
90
What are the types of nuclear imaging heart scans?
MAGA, Cardiac radionuclide or a thallium scan
91
What can a bone scan help diagnose?
bone scans are done to diagnose metastases from a primary cancer site.
92
What is a " hot spot"?
"hot spots" primary cancer sites are the metas
93
What is a gallium attracted to in the body?
gallium is attracted to lymph tumors and non-neoplastic lesions
94
What is the difference between a thyroid uptake scan and a thyroid scan?
Thyroid uptake scan is given orally by capsule, thyroid scan is administered intravenously
95
What element is used for these scans?
?
96
What is a SPECT?
SPECT is Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography
| SPECT is a combination of CT scan and radioactive tracer
97
What is a PET scan?
?
98
What is the primary target of radiation therapy?
radiation therapy primary target is DNA
99
What are the two types of brachytherapy?
Interstitual and intracavitary brachytherapy
100
How does radiofrequency work?
radiofrequency works by electrodes placed in the tumor under CT or ultrasound guidance.
101
What is Gamma knife radiofrequency surgery?
Gamma knife radiofrequency surgery is a scalpel-less surgery.
102
What conditions can Gamma knife radiofrequency surgery be used to treat?
Gamma knife scalpel-less surgery is used for brain tumors and or malformations.
103
What does radiation therapy purpose?
to alter the diseased cells so that it can not reproduce.
104
What does BBB stand for?
blood brain barrier
105
What is the BBB's purpose?
BBB is the protective barrier found in the brain, to prevent almost; not all forms of drugs and toxic from entering the brain
106
What is the term "half life"
"half life" is the time required for radioactive substance to lose half of its radioactivity by disintegration.
107
what is HYPERSENSITIVITY?
OVER RESPONSIVENESS to a small DOSAGE of a DRUG
108
what is LATROGENIC
SIDE EFFECTS of TREATMENT
109
what is CUMULATIVE ACTION
REPEATED DOSES of drugs that have not been eliminated from the body and so causes ACCUMULATION of DRUG in the body.
110
what is ADVERSE REACTION
SUDDEN or DELAY of REACTION to a DRUG
111
what is ADDITIVE ACTION
a COMBINED effect of TWO DRUGS that equal to the sum of one.
112
what is TERATOGENIC EFFECT
effect that cause BIRTH DEFECTS
113
what is ANTAGONISM
a COMBINATION of TWO DRUGS is less than the sum of other individual effects
114
what is SYNERGISM
effects PRODUCED by the ACTION of TWO DRUGS WORKING TOGETHER in which one helps the other produce an effect
