Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HISTOPATHOLOGIC AND CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES > LABORATORY SAFETY, INSTRUMENTATION AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN HISTOPATHOLOGIC LABORATORY > Flashcards

LABORATORY SAFETY, INSTRUMENTATION AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN HISTOPATHOLOGIC LABORATORY Flashcards

1
Q

art of analyzing and interpreting the shapes, sizes and architectural patterns of cells and tissues within a given specific clinical background

A

Histopathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

art and science performed by the histotechnologist to produce a tissue section of good quality

A

Histotechnology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

basic concepts about the principles and technicalities involved in histopathologic procedures

A

Histopathologic techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Provide skills in tissue preparation from fresh to properly mounted specimen

A

Histopathologic techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

comprised of a number of glass beakers for filling different processing chemicals

A

Automatic Tissue Processor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a timing disc which rotates after specific intervals, and a specimen container holding assembly

A

Autotechnicon or Automatic Tissue Processor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Microtome is an instrument with the help of which sections of tissues are cut and the process of cutting thin sections is known

A

Microtomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

one of the important machines required in histopathology for processing organ and tissues before being embedded in paraffin wax

A

Automatic Tissue Processor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a refrigerated apparatus used in fresh tissue microtomy, for freezing the tissue into the block holder to correct degree of hardness to facilitate easier and faster sectioning

A

Cryostat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

consist of a microotome, kept inside the cold chamber which has been maintained at a temp bet ____

A

Cryostat

-5°C to -30°C. (average -20°C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

used to float paraffin ribbons, to stretch sections and remove wrinkle

A

Tissue water bath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

water temperature should be about _____ degrees below the melting point of paraffin

A

TISSUE WATER BATH
10°C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Drying or Dehydrating tissue samples

A

Laboratory oven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Used for removing moisture from samples

A

Laboratory Oven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

optimizes times during stain process to maximize efficiency in obtention of results for a timely diagnosis

A

Automated Tissue Stainer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

one piece of equipment that is used by both the pathologist and the histotechnologist

A

Microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

examines the slide under the microscope to identify a disease process or an abnormality that will directly affect the patient’s treatment

A

Pathologist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

examines the same slide microscopically for quality control to determine whether all technical processes are done properly and if a slide of diagnostic quality has been achieved

A

Histotechnologist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

microscope must accomplish
three things

A

1) magnify the object
2) resolve the details of the object
3) make these details visible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

microscope with more than
one lens and its own light
source

A

Compound microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

there are ocular lenses in the
binocular eyepieces and objective lenses in a rotating nosepiece closer to the specimen

A

Compound Microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 kinds of viewing heads of compound microscope

A

Monocular heads
Binocular heads
Trinocular heads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

are light weight and are inexpensive

A

Monocular microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

most common choice for microscope with two eyepieces and are more convenient and comfortable to use

A

Binocular heads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

more expensive with third eyepiece tube that can be used by another person simultaneously or by an LCD camera

A

Trinocular heads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

more expensive with third eyepiece tube that can be used by another person simultaneously or by an LCD camera

A

Trinocular heads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

(5) main framework of compound microscope:

A

Base
Arm
Stage
Substage
Mechanical Stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

provides support for the microscope

A

Base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

large and solid enough to allow the microscope to stand by itself

A

Base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

supports and holds the magnifying and adjustment system. It can be used as a handle for carrying the microscope

A

Arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

flatplatformwherethe slide is placed for examination

A

Stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

located directly under the stage and holds the condenser and diaphragm.

A

Substage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

permits movement of the stage while holding the slide in the phase of focus

A

Mechanical stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

parts of the LENS SYSTEM

A

Nosepiece
Objectives
Focal length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

located at the end of the body
tube for holding the objectives

A

Nosepiece

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

consist of a system of lenses located at the end of the body tube that is held in place by the nosepiece and is closer to the slide under examination

A

Objectives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

to increase or decrease magnification

A

Objectives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

to increase or decrease magnification

A

Objectives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

mounted on a revolving turret allowing for the change of objectives

A

Objectives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

When one objective is focused on the turret, all lenses will be approximately in focus

A

PARFOCAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

distance between outer lens of objective and the cover glass of the slide under examination

A

Focal length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Magnification is achieved by the use of

A

Microscope’s lens system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

product of the magnifying power of the objective and eyepiece, with a normal tube length of 160 mm

A

Total magnification of microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

process of ensuring and maintaining personal as
well as environmental health and safety in the
laboratory

A

Risk Management

45
Q

must be detailed to include control of hazardous substances, risk assessments, and other health and safety information relevant to handling of specimens

A

Standard operating procedures

46
Q

First step for risk management is to _______ that can potentially cause harm in the laboratory.

A

identify hazards

47
Q

Types of hazards

A

Chemical hazards
Physical hazards
Biological hazards

48
Q

Potential exposures to chemical hazards can occur both _____ and with _____

A

During use

Poor storage

49
Q

The “lab standard” applies to the laboratory use of chemicals and mandates written in

A

SOPs / STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

50
Q

address the particular hazards and precautions required for safe use

A

SOPs

51
Q

terms used to define the maximum allowable airborne concentration of a chemical (vapor, fume or dust) to which a worker may be exposed

A

Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
Threshold Limit Values (TLVs)
Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs)

52
Q

a regulatory limit on the amount or concentration of a substance in the air

A

Permissible Exposure limits

53
Q

usually based on an eight-hour time weighted average (TWA)

A

Permissible Exposure Limits

54
Q

represents the maximum level of an airborne substance that a worker can be safely subjected to without being susceptible to harm or injury

A

Threshold Limit Values

55
Q

indicates the level of admissible exposure, for a length of time (usually 8 hours), to a chemical or physical hazard that is not likely to affect the health of a worker.

A

Occupational Exposure Limits

56
Q

Cause destruction or irreversible alterations when exposed to living tissue

A

Corrosive chemicals

57
Q

Chemicals that cause reversible
inflammatory effects at the site of contact with living tissue, especially the skin, eyes and respiratory passages

A

Irritans

58
Q

Every chemical should be labeled with certain basic information, including:

A

• Chemical name
• if a mixture
• names of all ingredients
• Manufacturer’s name
• address if purchased commercially
• name of person making the reagent;
• Date purchased or made;
• Expiration date
• Hazard warnings
• safety procedures.

59
Q

Capable of causing death by ingestion,
skin contact, or inhalation at certain
specified concentrations

A

Toxic materials

60
Q

Example of toxic materials

A

methanol
chromic acid
osmium tetroxide
uranyl nitrate

61
Q

Substances that induce tumors in
animals and humans

A

Carcinogens

62
Q

Carcinogens examples

A

chloroform
chromic acid
formaldeyhyde
auramine
basic fuchsin

63
Q

Carcinogenic dyes

A

Auramine
Basic fuschin
Any dye derived from BENZIDINE (Congo red and Diamino-benzidine)

64
Q

Cause allergic reactions in a substantial proportion

A

Sensitizers

65
Q

slips and falls from working in wet locations and the ergonomic hazards of lifting, pushing, pulling, and repetitive tasks

A

Physical hazards

66
Q

Other physical hazards often unnoticed

A

Electrical hazards
Mechanical hazards
Acoustic hazards
Thermal hazards

67
Q

Substances that ignite a certain temperature

A

Combustibles

68
Q

substances whose vapors will ignite at or above a certain temperature (or flash point) or in the presence of an ignition source

A

Combustibles

69
Q

OSHA defines “flash point” as

A

100°F (38°C)

70
Q

Department of Transportation defines it as

A

141°F = 60.5°C

71
Q

initiate or promote combustion and
present a serious fire risk when in contact with certain substances

A

Oxidizers

72
Q

Oxidizers

A

Sodium iodate
Mercuric oxide
Chromic acid
Picric acid

73
Q

refer to anything that can cause disease in humans, regardless of their source

A

Biological hazards

74
Q

one of the most important health hazards

A

Allergens

75
Q

Common Histological Chemicals (8)

A

Hydrogen peroxide
Methanol
Nitric acid
Xylene
Cryogens
Osmium tetroxide
Sodium hypochlorite
Sulfuric acid

76
Q

Essentially harmless if used in
concentrations less than 5%

A

Hydrogen peroxide

77
Q

Essentially harmless if used in
concentrations less than 5%

A

Hydrogen peroxide

78
Q

Moderate skin and eye irritant but toxic by ingestion and inhalation

A

Methanol

79
Q

Corrosive to skin, mucous
membranes

A

Nitric acid

80
Q

Skin and eye irritant, and is toxic
by ingestion, inhalation or skin contact

A

Xylene

81
Q

temperatures below -153°C (-243°F), such as liquid nitrogen and a boiling point of -196°C (-321°F)

A

Cryogens

82
Q

temperatures below -153°C (-243°F), such as liquid nitrogen and a boiling point of -196°C (-321°F)

A

Cryogens

83
Q

Corrosive to EYES and mucous
membranes

A

Osmium tetroxide

84
Q

A strong oxidant, eye irritant and
corrosive to most metals

A

Sodium hypochlorite

85
Q

Strong irritant to skin, eyes and respiratory system

A

Sulfuric acid

86
Q

degree to which healthcare services strive to provide accurate desired outcomes for patients and are consistent with current professional knowledge

A

Quality

87
Q

system of routine technical activities

A

Quality control

88
Q

provides routine and consistent checks to identify, address errors and omissions, ensures data integrity, correctness and completeness and also records all quality control activities

A

Quality control

89
Q

“freedom from accidental injury” and safety consciousness & safety practices

A

Safety

90
Q

planned system of review procedures conducted by personnel not directly involved in the laboratory process

A

Quality assurance

91
Q

Quality assessment programs

A

College of American Pathologists / CAP

United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service (UK NEQAS)

92
Q

correlation of errors, complaints, failures or other unexpected results

A

data of QC provides the data for QA

93
Q

Quality Assurance (2) two distinct systems:

A

Selective system
Distributive system

94
Q

participating laboratories are asked to stain sections that have been submitted by the scheme organizer

A

Distributive system

95
Q

stained preparations from departmental archival records are used to assess the quality of staining

A

Selective system

96
Q

means that the report generated by the lab are accurate

A

Quality Management System

97
Q

QMS functions

A

• concerns with good sampling
• Tissue processing with quality reagents
• Providing supplies and equipment
• Receiving
• Documenting
• Validating results

98
Q

used to approach, evaluate and identify opportunities to improve quality before problems occur through evaluation of all systems/processes in the laboratory

A

Continuing quality improvement system

99
Q

Goal of Continuing quality improvement system

A

improve potential care and safety through

recognition of potential errors before they occur

100
Q

Effective QMS

A

• Skilled histotechnologist/nicians
• Properspecimencollection
• Proper processing of specimen
• Efficient processing of results
• High quality of reagents and equipment
• Preventive Maintenance of equipment
• Continuous professional education of staff
• Documentation and control
• Proper coordination
• Timely customer’s
feedback

101
Q

Can endanger quality of histopathology report

A

Pre-analytical phase

102
Q

(4) Pre-analytical phase

A

• Collection of the right specimen
• The proper fixation of the specimen
• The correct identification of the spec
• The timely transportation of the specimen.

103
Q

slide reading along with relevant data and preparation of report

A

Analytical phase

104
Q

• Grossing
• Processing
• Procedure reliability using technical manual
• Reagent integrity and efficiency
• Cutting of paraffin sections
• Staining
• Slide labeling

A

Analytical phase

105
Q

• Diagnosis (hard copy) free of clerical errors.
• Reports reaches the appropriate
clinicians/surgeons.
• Filing of paraffin blocks
• Slides storage

A

Post-analytical phase

106
Q

Getting the right test at the right time on the right specimen from the right patient with right diagnosis and the right price.

A

Data of QC provides data for QA

107
Q

Getting the right test at the right time on the right specimen from the right patient with right diagnosis and the right price.

A

Data of QC provides data for QA

108
Q

system of routine technical activities

A

QC

HISTOPATHOLOGIC AND CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions