Laboratory Safety And Regulations Flashcards
Responsible for creating or preparing different set of standards across all different occupation or professions
OSHA or Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Responsible for setting specific standard we follow in laboratory
CLSI or Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
Formerly NCCLS
CLSI
In charge for implementing different laws pertaining public health
CDC or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Within the US Department of Labor to set levels of safety and health for all workers in the US
OSHA
A nonprofit organization that sets voluntary consensus standards for all areas or clinical laboratories
CLSI
Responsible for accreditation and proficiency testing for laboratories
CAP
Training safety officers
OSHC
Source of chemical
Preservatives and reagents
Possible injury from chemica
Exposure toxic, carcinogenic, or caustic agents
Source of sharps
Needles, lancet, broken glass
Possible injury from sharps
Cuts, puncture, bloodborne pathogen
Source of electrical
Ungrounded or wet equipment; frayed cords
Possible injury from electrical
Burns or shock
Source of fire or explosive
Bunsen burners, organic chemicals
Possible injury from fire?
Burns, dismemberment
Source of physical
Wet floor, heavy boxes
Possible injury from physical
Fall, sprain, or strain
Source from radiation
Equipmeny and radioisotopes
Possible injury from radiation
Radiation exposure
Source of biological
Infectious agents
Possible injury for biological
Bacterial
Fungal
Viral
Parasitic
Includes pathogens on the hands of medical personnels, invasive procedures
Iatrogenic risk factors
Contaminated air conditioning systems, contaminated water systems , phitos, and staffing amf physoci
Organizational risk factors
Severity of ill ess, underlying state of the patient
Patoent risk factors
Enumerate potential hazards
- electric schock
- toxic vapors
- compressed gases
- flammable liquids
- radioactive material
- mechanical trauma
- Poisons
A federal agency that carries out mandated public health laws and reporting requirements.
CDC or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
An independent, not-for-profit organization that accredits and certifies
health-care organizations and programs in the United States.
The Joint Commission
Infection control team
National Standards in Infection Control for Healthcare Facilities
What are the primary cause of accident
- unsafe acts
- Unsafe environmental conditions
What is the first rule of self protection?
Alertness at all times
Rule of self protection
- stay informed
- use common sense
- listen to any instructions
What are the preventive measures
- annual safety reviews
- Safety drills
- general consciousness
- appropriate to safety rules
- safe work environment
What are the universal practices?
- wearing of gloves
- proper handwashing
- wear laboratory coat
- do not eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics, touch your contact lens
Example of safety equipments
Safety shower, eyewash station, fire extinguisher
Used to manipulate liquids
Mechanical pippetting device
Required to expel noxious and hazardous fumes from chemical reagents
Fume hoods
To locate no flow or tubulent areas in the working space
Smoke testing
All clinical lab should have
- chemical hygiene plan
- exposure control plan
- copy of MSDS
Component of chemical label
- statement of hazard
- hazard class
- safety precaution
- NFPA hazard code
- fire extinguisher type
- Safety instructions
- Formula weight
- Lot number
How do you check the airflow direction?
Place tissue paper at the hood opening
Remove particles that may be harmful to the employee who is working with potentially infectious biologic specimens
Biosafety cabinet
Enumerate chemical hygiene plan
- training and information requirement of the OSHA standard
- appropriate work practices
- list of chemicals in the inventory
- available of MSDS
- labelling requirements
- record keeping requirement
- engineering controls
- waste removal and disposal
Enumerate exposure control plan
- chemical hazard education sessions
- laboratory written plank
Biological safety
- all samples and body fluids should be transported, handled, and processed using strict precautions
- gloves, gowns, and face protection must be used if splash or splattering is likely to occur
- specimen should be capped during centrifugation
- any blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious material spill must be cleaned up
Daily expisure to blood and body fluids
Category I
No exposure to blood and body fluid
Category III
Regular exposure to blood and body fluids
Category II
What are the 2 safety against exposure to toxic channel
- hazard communication standard
- toxic chemicals
What is the Hazard communication standard?
- hazard communication program
- chemical hygiene plan
- inventory of hazardous substances
What are the toxic materials?
- labelling of containers
- information and training
- program or hazard communication
Component of chemical label
- statement of hazard
- hazard class
- safety precaution
- NFPA hazard code
- fire extinguisher type
- safety instructions
- formula weight
- lot number
Hazard rating scheme
0 - minimal hazard
1 - slight hazard
2 - moderate hazard
3 - serious hazard
4 - severe hazard
What is the color of health?
Blue
What is the color of flammability?
Red
What is the color of reactivity?
Yellow
Color of Personal protectuono
White
Communicates chemical hazard information through the use of colors, numbers, and letters of the alphabet
Health materials identification system
What is the target audience of HMIS?
Intended to be used by employers and workers
Label shape of HMIS
Bar shape
Label shape of NFPA
Diamond shape
Health hazard communication of NFPA
Only covers acute health hazards
Health hazard communication of HMIS
Covers both acute and chronic health hazards
Hazards of exploding bomb
- explosives
- self reactive
- organic peroxide
General meaning of exploding bomb
Can explode
Caution of exploding bomb
Avoid impact vibration, friction, sparks, fire and exposure to heat
Hazards of flame
- flammable
- pyrophoric
- self heating
- emits flammable gas
- self reactive
- organic peroxides
General meaning of flame
Theae chemicals burn or can release gases that burn
Caution of flame
Keep away from flames, sparks, and sources of heat
Hazard of flame over circle
Oxidizers
General meaning of flame over circle
Give off oxygen and can make a fire spread
Caution of flame over circle
Avoid all contact with flammable substances
Hazards of gas cylinder
Gases under pressure
General meaning of gases cylinder
Gases and liquids under pressure can explode.
Hazards of corrosion/ caustic effect
- skin corrosion/burns
- eye damage
- corrosive to metals
General meaning of corrosion
These chemicals cause permanent damage to skin or eyes. It destroys metals
Caution of corrosion/caustic effect
Take special measures to avoid contact with eyes, skin, snd clothing
Hazard of skull and crossbones
Acute toxicity
General meaning of skull and crossbones
These chemicals are poisons that quickly cause sickness or death.
Caution of skull and crossbones
Avoid contact with the human body
Hazards of exclamation mark
- irritant (skin and eye)
- skin sensitizer
- acute toxicity
- narcotic effects
- respiratory tract irritant
- hazardous to ozone layer
Geneeal meaning of exclamation mark
These chemicals cause health problems
Caution of exclamation mark
Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Do not inhale vapors
Hazards of health hazard
- carcinogen
- mutagenicity
- reproductive toxicty
- respiratory sensitizer
- target organ toxicity
- aspiration toxicity
Hazards of environment
- aquatic toxicity
General meaning of environment
These chemicals are dangerous if they get into rivers, lakes, or oceans
Safety Data Sheet
Section 1: identification
Section 2: hazard identification
Section 3: ingredients information
Section 4: first aid procedures
Section 5: fire fighting procedures
Section 6: accidental release measures
Section 7: handling and storage
Section 8: exposure controls wnd personal protection
Section 9: physical and chemical properties
Section 10: stability and reactivty
Section 11: toxicological information
Section 12: ecological information
Section 13: disposal considerations
Section 14: transport information
Section 15: regulatory information
Section 16: other information, including date of preparation or last revision
Classified according to flashpoint - the temperature at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with air
Flammable/combustible chemicals
Injurious to the skin or eyes by direct contact or to the tissue of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts if inhaled or ingested
Corrosive chemicals
Spontaneously explode or ignite or that evolve heat or flammable or explosive gases
Reactive chemicals
Examples of compressed gases hazards
- danger of fire
- explosion
- asphyxiation
- mechanical injuries
PASS
P - pull pin
A - aim nozzle
S - squeeze trigger
S - sweep nozzle
Class A
Green triangle
Class B
Red square
Class C
Blue circle
Class D
Yellow star
Class K
Black hexagon
Pressurized water
Type A
Dry chemical
Type ABC
Carbon dioxide
Type BC
Example of Class A
Wood, paper, cloth, rubber, trash, and plastics
Example of class B
Flammable liquids, solvents, oil, gasoline, paints
Example of Class C
Electrical equipment - wiring, controls, motors
RACE
R - resuce anyone in immediate danger
A - alarm
C - contain
E - extunguish or Exit the area
Most widely used cryogenic fluid in the lab
Liquid nitrogen
It may cause fire or explosion, asphyxiation, pressure buildup, tissue damage
Cryogenix materials
Help eliminate bumping/boilover when liquids are heated
Glass beads
Disposed in osha
Infectious sharps
What are the 4 basic waste disposal technique
- Flushing down the drain
- incineration
- landfill burial
- recycling
In cleaning potentially infectious material spill, you must
- wear appropriate protective equipment
- use mechanical devices to pick up broken glass or other sharp objects
- absorb spills with paper towels, gauze pad, or tissue
- dispose all materials in appropriate biohazard containers
