laboratory 3

Question 1

Examples of native elements

Answer 1

sulfur (S), copper (Cu)

Question 2

Examples of sulfides

Answer 2

galena (PbS), stibnite (Sb2S3), realgar (As4S4 or AsS)

Question 3

Examples of sulfates

Answer 3

barite (BaSO4), gypsum (CaSO4)

Question 4

Minerals can classified according to what?

Answer 4

➢ CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
➢ PROPERTIES
➢ CRYSTAL SYSTEMS

Question 5

Examples of halides

Answer 5

halite (NaCl), fluorite (CaF2)

Question 6

Examples of oxides

Answer 6

water ice, hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (FeO4), corundum (Al2O3)

Question 7

Examples of carbonates

Answer 7

calcite (CaCO3), aragonite (CaCO3), azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2), malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)2)

Question 8

Examples of phosphates

Answer 8

hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)), fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F), chlorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3Cl)

Question 9

Examples of silicates

Answer 9

feldspars, quartz/silica (SiO2)

Question 10

What are feldspars?

Answer 10

➢ most abundant group of minerals in Earth’s crust
➢ make up 60% of Earth’s crust!
➢ QUARTZ/SILICA (SiO2) 2nd most abundant, 12% of Earth’s crust
➢ group of aluminum-containing SILICATE minerals
➢ also contain sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+) and/or
barium (Ba2+) ions
➢ important in rock formation (found in IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY and
METAMORPHIC rocks

Question 11

Examples of feldspars

Answer 11

➢ ALBITE (NaAlSi3O8)
➢ ORTHOCLASE (KAlSi3O8)
➢ ANORTHITE (CaAl2Si2O8)

Question 12

Examples of organics (not true minerals)

Answer 12

amber, amberat

Question 13

What mineral properties include?

Answer 13

➢ COLOUR
➢ LUSTER
➢ HARDNESS
➢ CLEAVAGE/FRACTURE
➢ STREAK
➢ SPECIFIC GRAVITY/DENSITY
➢ MAGNETISM
➢ REACTION WITH ACID