Laboratory 2: EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES Flashcards
It is a representative of the elasmobranch
fishes, characterized by their cartilaginous skeleton and exposed gill slits.
Class Chondrichytes (Dog Shark)
It is characterized by an ossified
skeleton and bony flap, the operculum, covering the gill slits
Class Osteichthyes
distinguished from all other living vertebrates by their dry, scaly skins
Class Reptilia
It can be distinguished by their feather covering and the modification of the
forelimbs into wings
Class Aves
The thigh, shank ankle, and foot of frogs are found in what region:
peripheral appendicular region
It can be distinguished by its mammary glands and presence of hair.
Class Mammalia
The lateral line has sensory cells:
serving as detecting water vibrations
A narrow crescent mouth is present to all vertebrates except;
cyclostomes
Skin folds are common in lizards that can be found on:
a. Throat
b. neck sides of the trunk (mid-dorsal line)
The ear opening or drum
membrane are connected to______
which are opened by pairs of small pores in the center of the dorsal
surface of the head just back of the levels of the eyes.
endolymphatic ducts
Movements water enters through the mouth and exits through the gill slits.
First gill slit or spiracle
Lateral fins are found on:
ventral side of the trunk
Cephalochordates exhibit the following features:
a. Segmentation
b. Notochord
c. Dorsal nerve cord
The caudal fin of elasmobranches is heterocercal because it:
consisting of a large and smaller ventral lobe, with the
vertebral column bending upward into the dorsal lobe
The anterior pair is to: _
as the posterior pair is to: ____
behind the gill slits ( pectoral fins)
trunk and tail (pelvic fins)
Modified pelvic fin undergoes stout process which is directed backwards
clasper(used for mating)
The fins supported by
numerous fine parallel flexible rays, imbedded in
the skin.
dermal fin rays (ceratotrichia)
Sessile, possess enlarged pharynx, and numerous slits
Hemichordates
Between the bases of the pelvic fins is a large opening
Cloacal aperture
Cloaca is called when
At the end of the digestive tube receives urinary and genital as well as intestine
During the folding process, human cloaca is partitioned into:
ventral urogenital canal and a dorsal intestine
Class Osteichthyes has three regions divided indistinctly into:
Head, trunk, tail
The gill opening (opercular bones) are found in:
posterolateral margin of the margin of the head
A membrane that is supported by seven bony rays
branchiostegal membrane
The median fins of Osteichthyes consist:
anterior fin (caudal fin)
posterior dorsal fin ( ventral or anus fin)
The walking mode of humans is called:
plantigrade
It cover the bases of
the wings and tail and general surface of the body
contour feathers
The shanks of lizards are directed:
ventrally and posteriorly and has undergone the same sort of torsion as the thigh
Dorsal arched shell is to: ___ and a flat ventral is to : ____
that are connected by lateral bridges
carapace (dorsal)
plastron (ventral)
The tympanic membrane is directed:
Posterolateral to the eye
