Labor & Delivery Flashcards
Review fetal presentation, stages of labor, procedures during labor, pain control, and complications.
What is fetal presentation?
The position of the fetus in the uterus.
What is breech presentation?
The buttox or feet are the presenting part in the client’s pelvis.
What is vertex presentation?
The back of the head (occipital) is the presenting part in the client’s pelvis.
What is face presentation?
The front of the head (mento) is the presenting part in the client’s pelvis.
What is shoulder presentation?
The shoulder is the presenting part in the client’s pelvis.
Fetal presentation has 3 letters in it.
Q: What does the first letter indicate?
The first letter of a fetal presentation can be L or R.
- This means that the presenting part in the mom’s pelvis can be facing the left or right.
Fetal presentation has 3 letters in it.
Q: What does the second letter indicate?
The second letter of a fetal presentation can be O, M, or S.
This means that the presenting part in the mom’s pelvis can be the:
- O: occipital - the back of the baby’s head
- M: mento - the face
- S: sacrum - the buttox
Fetal presentation has 3 letters in it.
Q: What does the third letter indicate?
The third letter of a fetal presentation can be A, P or T.
This means that the presenting part in the mom’s pelvis can be:
- anterior: facing the front of the mom’s body
- posterior: facing the back of the mom’s body
- transverse: facing either side of the mom’s body
What fetal presentation is this?
Right occipitoposterior or ROP
The back of the head (occipito) is in the right side of the mom’s pelvis and is facing the back of the mom’s body (posterior).
What fetal presentation is this?
Left occipitoposterior or LOP
The back of the head (occipito) is in the left side of the mom’s pelvis and is facing the back of the mom’s body (posterior).
What fetal presentation is this?
Right occipitoanterior or ROA
The back of the head (occipito) is in the right side of the mom’s pelvis and is facing the front of the mom’s body (anterior).
What fetal presentation is this?
Left occipitoanterior or LOA
The back of the head (occipito) is in the left side of the mom’s pelvis and is facing the front of the mom’s body (anterior).
What fetal presentation is this?
Left mentoanterior or LMA
The face (mento) is in the left side of the mom’s pelvis and is facing the front of the mom’s body (anterior).
What fetal presentation is this?
Right mentoposterior or RMP
The face (mento) is in the right side of the mom’s pelvis and is facing the back of the mom’s body (posterior).
What fetal presentation is this?
Left sacrum anterior or LSA
The sacrum is in the left side of the mom’s pelvis and is facing the front of the mom’s body (anterior).
What fetal presentation is this?
Left sacrum posterior or LSP
The sacrum is in the left side of the mom’s pelvis and is facing the back of the mom’s body (posterior).
What is the most common and desirable fetal presentation for delivery?
LOA = left occipital anterior
This is the easiest position for delivery of baby.
Where should the fetoscope be placed to hear fetal heart tones best?
On the upper back of the baby.
What is fetal station?
Fetal station is how many centimeters the fetus is above or below the ischial spines.
What is true labor?
- contractions are regular
- contractions are getting more frequent and closer together
- cervical dilation is progressing
What is false labor?
- contractions are irregular
- contractions go away when walking or drinking water
False labor contractions are also called Braxton-Hick contractions.
What is a normal fetal heart rate?
110 - 160 beats/minute
What is fetal bradycardia?
< 110 beats/minute for at least 10 minutes.
What is fetal tachycardia?
> 160 beats/minute for at least 10 minutes or longer.
Interventions:
Fetal bradycardia or tachycardia
- position mom on left side
- give 7 - 10 liters of oxygen by face mask
- get vital signs
- call HCP
What are the 4 stages of labor?
- labor
- pushing and birth of baby
- delivery of placenta
- recovery
What are the 3 parts of the first stage of labor?
- Latent stage
- Active stage
- Transition stage
What is the latent stage of labor?
- mild intensity
- cervical dilation of 1 - 4 cm
- contractions are every 15 - 30 minutes and last 15 - 30 seconds
What is the active stage of labor?
- moderate intensity
- cervical dilation of 4 - 7 cm
- contraction are every 3 - 5 minutes
- contractions last for 30 - 60 seconds
What is the transition stage of labor?
- severe intensity
- cervical dilation of 8 - 10 cm
- contractions are every 2 - 3 minutes
- contractions last for 45 - 90 seconds