Labelling Flashcards
Who are the key sociologists for labelling:
-Becker(1970s)
-Hempel-Jorgensen(2000s)
-Rist(1970s)
In Becker (1970s) study what was the focus group?
What was the image associated with Beckers study?
60 Chicago high school teachers
Ideal pupil
What did Becker identify the ‘ideal pupil’ to be?
How was this judged?
White, m/c, females
Students appearance, work, behaviour
How does Hempel-Jorgensen(2000s) identify the “ideal pupil”?
For example?
Varies in each school according to social class of the school
M/C = quite, obedient
W/C = academic ability, personality
How did Hempel-Jorgensen discover that Ideal pupil changed with class?
Used two schools :
-Middle class Rowan
-Lower class Aspen
Teachers had more issues with behaviour in Lower classes and so looked for kids that were willing to learn as standards where different compared to middle class school where behaviour isn’t an issue and so instead potential is a key factor
What does Rist (1970s) argue labelling stems from?
Information outside a child’s abilities such as first impressions and external factors
What were the three labels that Rist(1970s) found groups separated into
Tigers - M/C neat students
‘Cardinals’ and ‘clowns’ - W/C students (left to read in groups and not show abilities)
LABELLING THEORY :
Who were the key researchers?
Rosenthal and Jacobson(1960s)
how did Rosenthal and Jacobson(1960s) prove labeling effects.
-created a test to pick out the ‘spurters’ of a class.
-randomly selected 1/5 of the students to label as ‘spurters’
-a year later said ‘spurters’ made significant progress
-explanation of self fulfilling prophecy
- explanation of under-achievement
interactionist view (beliefs affect our actions even if not true)
STREAMING:
who shows streaming in their study?
Becker - lower classes streamed into lower sets.
creates self fulfilling prophecy
STREAMING:
what did Douglas discover about self fufilling prophecy?
for lower classes, IQ often declined between ages 8 and 11 whereas higher class IQ often increased
Gillborn ad youdel study discovered…
-black males were projected to achieve less (stereotype)
- A-C economy and streaming correlation
-educational triage(sortage)
what is A-C economy
how schools are ranked based on performance from A to C and its link to streaming
what is educational triage
sorting students into who needs more attention and who doesn’t need much
-who is hopeless
-who can pass with help
-those who will pass regardless
A-C economy creates education triage and is often based off stereotypes.
Colin lacey created these two principals
differentiation (teachers separating students)
polarization (students responses to school)
PETER WOODS
what are the 4 types of pupil responses to labelling?
explain each one.
intigration - ‘teachers pet’
ritualism - following instructions and avoiding trouble
retreatism - daydreaming and messing around
rebellion - rejecting ethos and deviance
