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Hospital Pharmacy > Lab_AMS > Flashcards

Lab_AMS Flashcards

1
Q

medicines used to prevent and treat infections in humans,
animals and plants.

A

ANTIMICROBIALS

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2
Q

Mother or umbrella term that includes antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics

A

ANTIMICROBIALS

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3
Q

Occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change over
time and no longer respond to medicines making infections harder
to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness and
death.

A

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (AMR)

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4
Q

Caused by improper utilization of antimicrobials

A

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (AMR)

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5
Q

factors causing AMR

A

o evaluation of validity of prescriptions (especially e-
prescriptions)
o dispensing without prescriptions or erroneous and
invalid prescriptions
o over-prescribing of antibiotics
o patient not taking antibiotics as prescribed
o unnecessary antibiotics used in agriculture
o poor infection control in hospitals and clinics
o poor hygiene and sanitation practices
o lack of rapid laboratory tests

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6
Q

organizations that unite to win the war against anti-microbial resistance

A

DOH and WHO

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7
Q

Goal is to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to AMR (Philippine
Action Plan to Combat Antimicrobial resistance: One Health
Approach)

A

National Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) Program

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8
Q

CORE ELEMENTS OF THE NATIONAL AMS PROGRAM

A

Leadership
Policies, Guidelines, Pathways
Surveillance, AMU and AMR
Action
Education
Performance Evaluation

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9
Q

A dedicated multi-disciplinary AMS Committee and Team supported by the
hospital administration shall be responsible to successfully implement,
perform, and monitor the AMS Program in each hospital

A

LEADERSHIP

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10
Q

also part of the team that
chooses the implementation of the AMS Project

A

PTC and AMS Clinical Pharmacist

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11
Q

A team responsible for the effecting and monitoring of AMS
strategies to promote appropriate antimicrobial use shall be
created under the AMS Committee.

A
  • THE AMS TEAM
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12
Q

Implementation of the AMS strategies and perform AMS
interventions as needed;

A

AMS TEAM

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13
Q

Development and review of standard treatment
guidelines and prescribing policies;

A

AMS TEAM

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14
Q

Regular collection, analysis and reporting on the
progress of the AMS program to the hospital AMS
committee, administrators and DOH;

A

AMS TEAM

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15
Q

Education of healthcare staff on appropriate
antimicrobial prescribing and resistance;

A

AMS TEAM

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16
Q

Identification and designing of systems/processes to
facilitate appropriate antimicrobial use;

A

AMS TEAM

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17
Q

Provision of expert advice on development of policies
related to appropriate use of antimicrobials and control
of AMR in the hospital.

A

AMS TEAM

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18
Q

How to solve the errors and problems encountered

A

ACTION

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19
Q

Very important not only for the team but also for the patient and
other healthcare workers

A

EDUCATION

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20
Q

At the end of the year, a report is submitted to the DOH to assess if
the AMS program is working or progressing

A

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

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21
Q

AMS should be spearheaded by ____________ and physicians
(especially Infectious Disease Specialists) → ensure the right drug is
being prescribed at the right time for the right diagnosis or
indication.

A

PHARMACISTS

22
Q

ROLES OF ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP PHARMACIST

A

Surveillance, optimizing drug therapy, drug therapy monitoring and adherence to cpg, education/training and public engagement

23
Q

T/F: Pharmacists should have access to patients’ chart

A

T

24
Q

T/F: Pharmacists can recommend dose adjustments

A

T

25
Q

Guidelines for AMR

A

7th day antibiotic stop policy
Antibiotic Restrictions
Surgical prophylaxis

26
Q

exceptions for 7th day antibiotic stop policy

A

osteomyelitis (requires 6 weeks of
therapy)

27
Q

T/F: according to surgical prophylaxis, antibiotics are taken prior to surgery and can also be taken post-op

A

T

28
Q

Keeping up-to-date with treatment guidelines, new evidences and studies

A

EDUCATION/TRAINING AND PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT

29
Q

Goal:
* To safeguard and ensure the optimal use of antimicrobials
* To optimize clinical outcomes of the patient

A

AMS INTERVENTIONAL STRATEGIES

30
Q

Persuasive strategies aim to persuade health professionals to prescribe appropriately by
addressing underlying knowledge deficiencies, attitudes and/or behaviour
through _____________ and __________

A

active interaction and discussion

31
Q

Persuasive strategies include the following:

A

Audit and Feedback (Prospective Audit of Antimicrobial Prescribing
and Direct Intervention and Feedback)

Point of Care Interventions (IV to PO, De-escalation, Dose
optimization)

32
Q

Occur routinely at the ward level

A

Point of Care Interventions

33
Q

With direct feedback to the prescriber/attending
physician at the time of prescription or laboratory
diagnosis

A

Point of Care Interventions

34
Q

Advantages of Point of Care interventions

A
  • Improves patient management and outcomes
    ▪ An excellent opportunity to educate clinical
    staff on appropriate prescribing
35
Q

Function of the clinical pharmacist

A

RESTRICTIVE STRATEGIES

36
Q

Control the use of antimicrobials by instituting “barriers”

A

RESTRICTIVE STRATEGIES

37
Q

Restrictive strategies includes the following strategies:

A
  • Formulary restriction and pre-authorization
  • 7
    th day automatic stop policy
38
Q

Requires clinicians to obtain approval for use of selected
antimicrobials before prescribing

A

ANTIMICROBIAL RESTRICTION AND PRE-AUTHORIZATION STRATEGY

39
Q

To preserve last-line antimicrobials to use for conditions
where they are truly indicated

A

ANTIMICROBIAL RESTRICTION AND PRE-AUTHORIZATION STRATEGY

40
Q

To help minimize unnecessary patient exposure to
toxicities and costs associated with inappropriate therapy

A

ANTIMICROBIAL RESTRICTION AND PRE-AUTHORIZATION STRATEGY

41
Q

Scope: use of restricted antimicrobials orally and intravenously to
all patients (inpatient and outpatient settings).

A

ANTIMICROBIAL RESTRICTION AND PRE-AUTHORIZATION STRATEGY

42
Q

Exceptions of ANTIMICROBIAL RESTRICTION AND PRE-AUTHORIZATION STRATEGY:

A

o Use of treatment of MDR tuberculosis under the
Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant
Tuberculosis (PMDT)
o Antimicrobial prescribed/order by an IDS or AMS
Clinician

43
Q

Preauthorization of broad-spectrum antibiotics and prospective
review after______________ of treatment should form the
cornerstone of antibiotic stewardship programs to ensure the right
drug is prescribed at the right time for the right diagnosis.

A

two or three days

44
Q

T/F:the stat/now dose or the first dose of the medication can be given prior to the result of the pre-
evaluation but succeeding dose will require approval

A

T

45
Q

This policy shall govern the duration of antimicrobial use by
requiring prescriptions to be regularly reviewed, specifically in the
need to continue therapy beyond seven (7) days.

A
  • 7
    TH DAY AUTOMATIC STOP POLICY
46
Q

7
TH DAY AUTOMATIC STOP POLICY standard operating procedure shall cover the use of all
antimicrobials administered ___________ and _________ to all patients
admitted in the hospital (inpatient setting only)

A

orally and intravenously

47
Q

Exceptions of 7TH DAY AUTOMATIC STOP POLICY

A

o Use in HIV/AIDS or cancer patients as antimicrobial
prophylaxis according to guidelines; and
o Use as anti-tuberculosis antibiotics

48
Q

In 7th Day automatic stop policy, the nurse or pharmacist in charge of the
patient shall alert the attending physician no later than
on the _______ day of antimicrobial therapy

A

6th

49
Q

In 7th Day automatic stop policy, Counting is reset if
discontinued or put on hold for more than ______ hours

A

24

50
Q

In case the AMS Officer cannot be contacted, it is
documented on the form and _____________ may dispense
the first dose; but the succeeding dose will require
approval already

A

Pharmacy

51
Q

There is no need to fill out the 7th-day antimicrobial form if:

A
  • Total treatment duration is intended to be ≤7 days;
    -Use of the antimicrobial beyond 7 days has been
    recommended by the AMS clinician, IDS or IPC
    Chairperson

Hospital Pharmacy (6 decks)

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