lab1

Question 1

What technique is used nowadays to draw blood?

Answer 1

Vacutainer system

Question 2

needle size for drawing blood large animals

Answer 2

16-20 gauge {G}

Question 3

needle size for drawing blood small animals

Answer 3

20-25 [G]

Question 4

At what angle should the needle be implemented in the vein for drawing blood?

Answer 4

15-30 degrees

Question 5

What is haematomas?

Answer 5

collection of blood outside the blood vessel

Question 6

Venipuncture site for horses

Answer 6

V.jugularis

Question 7

Venipuncture site for cattle

Answer 7

V jugularis, V coccygea, V subcutanea abdominis

Question 8

Venipuncture sites for swine

Answer 8

V cava cranialis

Question 9

Venipuncture sites for sheeps and goats

Answer 9

v jugularis

Question 10

Venipuncture site for dogs

Answer 10

V cephalica antebrachii, V jugularis, V saphena

Question 11

Venipuncture sites for rabbits

Answer 11

V auricularis lateralis

Question 12

Venipuncture sites for poultry

Answer 12

V axillaris, V cutanea ulnaris

Question 13

What causes the hematocrit and white blood cell count to be increased?

Answer 13

Increased epinephrine levels as the result of excitation during blood withdrawal process

Question 14

Most common anticoagulants

Answer 14

• Sodium citrate
  -EDTA
  bind to calcium

Question 15

At what speed should the anticoagulated blood be centrifuged?

Answer 15

bowl speed at 3000 revolutions per minute [rpm] for 10 mins

Question 16

Hemostasis consists of three interrelated and overlapping steps

Answer 16

1. vascular reactions
2. Thrombocyte reaction
3. Thrombolosis

Question 17

Hemostasis consists of three interrelated and overlapping steps

Answer 17

1. vascular reactions
2. Thrombocyte reaction
3. Thrombolysis

Question 18

What causes coagulation?

Answer 18

an external tissue injury (extrinsic way) or the injury of the intima of the vessels (intrinsic way). These two ways finally stimulate the same enzyme activating system (common pathway). The coagulation cascade then causes a fibrin net formed from the fibrinogen of the plasma.

Question 19

What does blood clotting time inform us about?

Answer 19

the presence and activity of thrombocytes and the coagulation factors

Question 20

What 2 ways is the clotting time going to be determined?

Answer 20

1. appearance of the first fibrin thread
2. lee white method

Question 21

What is the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total blood volume is called?

Answer 21

hematocrit

Question 22

What is the SI unit of hematocrit?

Answer 22

liter/litre

Question 23

Term used to describe an abnormally high hematocrit

Answer 23

polycythemia

Question 24

Term used to decrime an abnormally low hematocrit

Answer 24

oligocythemia (anaemia)

Question 25

Venous hematocrit vs Arterial hematocrit

Answer 25

The venous hematocrit is slightly higher than the arterial one because of the ion transport and water flux associated with the CO2 transport

Question 26

What happens if anticoagulated blood is stored in a tube without centrifugation?

Answer 26

The erythrocytes begin to settle because their density is higher than that of blood plasma

Question 27

What does increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate indicate?

Answer 27

The presence of inflammation or different types of tumors

Question 28

What does hypoalbuminaemia and/or hemodilutio cause?

Answer 28

an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Question 29

What is the determination of white blood cell based on?

Answer 29

• cell size in comparison with red blood cells
• shape and size of the nucleus
• presence or absence and nature of granules

Question 30

What do you need to know to establish the white blood cell types?

Answer 30

To establish a diagnosis, one has to know the absolute white blood cell count per a litre of blood as well as the differential white blood cell count