Lab Vocab Flashcards by Jassie McGovern

absence or suppression of menstruation

amenorrhea

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located posteriorly on each side of vaginal orifice with openings on to the sides of the vestibule between the labia minora and hymen

Bartholin glands

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a bluish discoloration of the cervix that normally occurs with pregnancy at 6-8 week’s duration

Chadwick sign

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a term that descries the period that marks the cessation of a woman’s reproductive period ; a corresponding period of lessening of sexual activity in the male

Climacteric

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a small bud of erectile tissue (homolog of the penis) and a primary center of sexual excitement

clitoris

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inflammation of the urinary bladder usually occurring secondary to ascending infections and involve associated organs (kidney, prostrate, urethra)

cystitis

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a bladder hernia, an injury to vesicovaginal fascia during delivery may allow the bladder to pouch into the vagina

cystocele

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involves the opening of the cervical canal to allow for the passage of the fetus. process is measured in centimeters and progresses from a closed os (internal) to 10 centimeters (full dilation)

dilation

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painful or difficult menstruation, either primary or secondary

dysmenorrhea

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painful sexual intercourse

dyspareunia

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painful or difficult urination, symptomatic of numerous conditions

dysuria

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refers to the thinning of the cervix that results when myometrial activity pulls the cervix upwards, allowing the cervix to become part of the lower uterine segment during prelabor and early labor

effacement

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presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus

endometriosis

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blood in the urine

hematuria

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softening of the cervix that occurs in pregnancy at 6-8 weeks gestation

Hegar sign

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distention of the vagina due to an accumulation of fluid caused by a congenital obstruction

hydrocolpos

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a circular, crescentic or fimbriated connective tissue membrane

hymen

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first menstruation and initiation of cyclic menstrual function

menarche

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excessive bleeding during a menstrual period that is longer in duration than usual

menorrhagia

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irregular or excessive bleeding during menstruation and between menstrual periods

menometrorrhagia

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menstrual bleeding at irregular intervals, sometimes prolonged, but of expected amount

metrorrhagia

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lower abdominal pain associated with ovulation

Mittelschmerz

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benign uterine tumors arising from the overgrowth of smooth muscle and connective tissue of the uterus

myoma

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infrequent menstruation

oligomenorrhea

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diminished amount of urine formation or scanty urine production (frequently defined as less than 500mL in 24 hours); results in inefficient excretion of the products of metabolism

oliguria

excessive excretion and discharge of urine. the urine does not, as a rule, contain abnormal constituents. several hundred ounces a day may be voided. it is pale in color

polyuria

pus in the urine; evidence of renal disease

pyuria

protrusion or herniation of posterior vaginal wall with the anterior wall of the rectum through the vagina

rectocele

infection or inflammation of the fallopian tubes

salpingitis

ducts that drain a group of urethral glands located on each side of the urethra opening into the vestibule

Skene ducts

the relationship of the presenting part to the ischial spines of the mother's pelvis. the measurement is determined by centimeters above and below the ischial spines and is recorded by plus and minus signs

station

the inability to retain urine

urinary incontinence

What are the three stages?

1) stress 2) urge 3) overflow

Which stage of urinary incontinence is this? leakage of urine due to increased intraabdominal pressure that can occur from coughing, laughing, exercise, or lifting heavy things

stress

Which stage of urinary incontinence is this? the inability to hold urine once the urge to void occurs. causes of this abnormality can be local genitorurinary conditions, such as infection or tumor; or CNS disorders, such as stroke

urge

Which stage of urinary incontinence is this? a mechanical dysfunction resulting from an over distended bladder. this type has many causes; anatomic obstruction by prostatic hypertrophy and strictures; neurologic abnormalities that impair detrusor contractility, such as MS; spinal lesions

overflow

uterus herniation into or beyond the vagina cause by a weakening in the supporting structures

uterine prolapse

inflammation of the vagina

vaginitis

inflammation of the vulvar and vaginal tissues

vulvovaginitis

inflammation of the glans penis and prepuce

balanitis

ventral shortening and curvature of the penis

chordee

surgical removal of the prepuce

circumcision

reflex that causes the scrotum and testicle to rise when the inner thigh is stroked

cremasteric

inflammation of the epididymis

epididymitis

pattern of hair growth on the pubis and abdomen

escutcheon

distal portion of the penis produced by the corpus spongiosum

glans

the accumulation of serous fluid in a saclike cavity, especially in the tunica vaginalis testis; serous tumors of the testes or associated parts

hydrocele

congenital defect resulting in the urethral meatus being located on the ventral surface of the glans penile shaft of the base of the penis

hypospadias

inability of the male to achieve and/or maintain penile erection

impotence

acute inflammation of the testis due to infection

orchitis

inability to replace the foreskin to its usual position

phimosis

prolonged penile erection

priapism

twisting of the testis on the spermatic cord

testicular torsion

inflammation of the urethra

urethritis

abnormal tortuosity and dilation of veins of teh pampiniform plexus within the spermatic cord. associated with reduced fertility, probably from increased venous pressure and elevated testicular temperature

varicocele "bag of worms"

a bluish discoloration of the hands and feet; may be present at birth and may persist for several days or longer if the newborn is kept in cool ambient temperatures

acrocyanosis

hair loss

alopecia

patchy, non-scarring, asymmetric hair loss occurring in sharply defined areas of the scalp or beard

alopecia areata

shaped like a ring; used to describe a lesion that forms a ring around a clear center of normal skin

annular

thinning of the skin surface and loss of skin markings; skin translucent and paper-like

atrophy

vesicle greater than 1cm in diameter

bulla

a diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

cellulitis

a facial discoloration common during pregnancy; also called the mask of pregnancy

cholasma

referring to lesions that run together

confluent

dried serum, blood, or purulent exudates; slightly elevated; size varies; brown, red, black, tan, or straw-colored

crust

a marble or mottled appearance of the skin of a newborn when exposed to decreased temperatures; occurs because the newborn's immature vascular system is unable to adapt to temperature changes

cutis marmorata

elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semi-solid material

cyst

referring to a lesion that follows a nerve or segment of the body

dermatomal

a contusion or a bruise

ecchymosis

common inflammatory skin disorder presenting with pruritic papulovesicular lesions

eczematous dermatitis

loss of part of the epidermis; depressed, moist, glistening; follows rupture of a vesicle or bulla

erosion

a common transient benign condition seen in newborns during the first week consisting of generalized small papules or pustules

erythema toxicum

loss of the epidermis; linear hollowed-out, crusted area

excoriation

linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis; may be moist or dry

fissure

inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis

folliculitis

a deep-seated infection of the pilosebaceous unit

furuncle

a skin coloration that occurs in some newborns in response to changes in position

Harlequin color change

irregular-shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar; grows beyond the boundaries of the wound; caused by excessive collagen formation during healing

Keloid

fine, silky hair of newborn's skin

Lanugo

rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation; often involves flexor surface of extremity

Lichenification

a flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the color of the skin; less than 1cm in diameter

macule

areas of deep bluish-gray pigmentation most commonly on the sacral aspect of a newborn

Mongolian spots

maculopapular lesions that becomes confluent on the face and body

Morbilliform

a mole that varies in size and color

nevus

elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in dermis than a papule; 1 to 2 cm in diameter

nodule

an elevated, firm, circumscribed area; less than 1 cm in diameter

papule

a flat, nonpalpable, irregular shaped macule greater than 1 cm in diameter

patch

tiny, flat purple or red spots on the skin surface, resulting from minute hemorrhages within the dermal layer

Petechiae

a common self-limiting exanthematous rash whose onset is marked by a "herald patch"

Pityriasis rosea

elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter

plaque

a chronic recurrent disease of keratin synthesis

psoriasis

elevated, superficial lesion; similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid

pustule

flat, deep pink localized areas usually seen on the mid-forehead, eyelids, upper lip, and back of a newborn

Salmon patches (stork bites)

heaped-up, keratinized cells; flaky skin; irregular; thick or thin; dry or oily; variation in size

scale

thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to the dermis

scar

a lipid substance that keeps skin and hair from drying out

sebum

refers to a star-shaped lesion

stellate

fine, irregular, red lines produced by capillary dilation

telangiectasia

a group of noncandidal fungal infections

tinea

elevated solid lesion; may or may not be clearly demarcated; deeper in dermis; greater than 2 cm in diameter

tumor

short fine nonpigmented hair

Vellus hair

a mixture of sebum and cornified epidermis that covers the infant's body at birth

Vernix caseosa

elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis; filled with serous fluid; less than 1 cm in diameter

vesicle

elevated, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient, variable diabmeter

wheal

loss of epidermis and dermis; concave, varies in size

ulcer