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Clin Med 4 > Lab Vocab > Flashcards

Lab Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

absence or suppression of menstruation

A

amenorrhea

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2
Q

located posteriorly on each side of vaginal orifice with openings on to the sides of the vestibule between the labia minora and hymen

A

Bartholin glands

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3
Q

a bluish discoloration of the cervix that normally occurs with pregnancy at 6-8 week’s duration

A

Chadwick sign

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4
Q

a term that descries the period that marks the cessation of a woman’s reproductive period ; a corresponding period of lessening of sexual activity in the male

A

Climacteric

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5
Q

a small bud of erectile tissue (homolog of the penis) and a primary center of sexual excitement

A

clitoris

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6
Q

inflammation of the urinary bladder usually occurring secondary to ascending infections and involve associated organs (kidney, prostrate, urethra)

A

cystitis

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7
Q

a bladder hernia, an injury to vesicovaginal fascia during delivery may allow the bladder to pouch into the vagina

A

cystocele

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8
Q

involves the opening of the cervical canal to allow for the passage of the fetus. process is measured in centimeters and progresses from a closed os (internal) to 10 centimeters (full dilation)

A

dilation

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9
Q

painful or difficult menstruation, either primary or secondary

A

dysmenorrhea

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10
Q

painful sexual intercourse

A

dyspareunia

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11
Q

painful or difficult urination, symptomatic of numerous conditions

A

dysuria

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12
Q

refers to the thinning of the cervix that results when myometrial activity pulls the cervix upwards, allowing the cervix to become part of the lower uterine segment during prelabor and early labor

A

effacement

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13
Q

presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus

A

endometriosis

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14
Q

blood in the urine

A

hematuria

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15
Q

softening of the cervix that occurs in pregnancy at 6-8 weeks gestation

A

Hegar sign

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16
Q

distention of the vagina due to an accumulation of fluid caused by a congenital obstruction

A

hydrocolpos

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17
Q

a circular, crescentic or fimbriated connective tissue membrane

A

hymen

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18
Q

first menstruation and initiation of cyclic menstrual function

A

menarche

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19
Q

excessive bleeding during a menstrual period that is longer in duration than usual

A

menorrhagia

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20
Q

irregular or excessive bleeding during menstruation and between menstrual periods

A

menometrorrhagia

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21
Q

menstrual bleeding at irregular intervals, sometimes prolonged, but of expected amount

A

metrorrhagia

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22
Q

lower abdominal pain associated with ovulation

A

Mittelschmerz

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23
Q

benign uterine tumors arising from the overgrowth of smooth muscle and connective tissue of the uterus

A

myoma

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24
Q

infrequent menstruation

A

oligomenorrhea

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25
Q

diminished amount of urine formation or scanty urine production (frequently defined as less than 500mL in 24 hours); results in inefficient excretion of the products of metabolism

A

oliguria

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26
Q

excessive excretion and discharge of urine. the urine does not, as a rule, contain abnormal constituents. several hundred ounces a day may be voided. it is pale in color

A

polyuria

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27
Q

pus in the urine; evidence of renal disease

A

pyuria

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28
Q

protrusion or herniation of posterior vaginal wall with the anterior wall of the rectum through the vagina

A

rectocele

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29
Q

infection or inflammation of the fallopian tubes

A

salpingitis

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30
Q

ducts that drain a group of urethral glands located on each side of the urethra opening into the vestibule

A

Skene ducts

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31
Q

the relationship of the presenting part to the ischial spines of the mother’s pelvis. the measurement is determined by centimeters above and below the ischial spines and is recorded by plus and minus signs

A

station

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32
Q

the inability to retain urine

A

urinary incontinence

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33
Q

What are the three stages?

A

1) stress
2) urge
3) overflow

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34
Q

Which stage of urinary incontinence is this?
leakage of urine due to increased intraabdominal pressure that can occur from coughing, laughing, exercise, or lifting heavy things

A

stress

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35
Q

Which stage of urinary incontinence is this?
the inability to hold urine once the urge to void occurs. causes of this abnormality can be local genitorurinary conditions, such as infection or tumor; or CNS disorders, such as stroke

A

urge

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36
Q

Which stage of urinary incontinence is this?
a mechanical dysfunction resulting from an over distended bladder. this type has many causes; anatomic obstruction by prostatic hypertrophy and strictures; neurologic abnormalities that impair detrusor contractility, such as MS; spinal lesions

A

overflow

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37
Q

uterus herniation into or beyond the vagina cause by a weakening in the supporting structures

A

uterine prolapse

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38
Q

inflammation of the vagina

A

vaginitis

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39
Q

inflammation of the vulvar and vaginal tissues

A

vulvovaginitis

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40
Q

inflammation of the glans penis and prepuce

A

balanitis

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41
Q

ventral shortening and curvature of the penis

A

chordee

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42
Q

surgical removal of the prepuce

A

circumcision

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43
Q

reflex that causes the scrotum and testicle to rise when the inner thigh is stroked

A

cremasteric

44
Q

inflammation of the epididymis

A

epididymitis

45
Q

pattern of hair growth on the pubis and abdomen

A

escutcheon

46
Q

distal portion of the penis produced by the corpus spongiosum

A

glans

47
Q

the accumulation of serous fluid in a saclike cavity, especially in the tunica vaginalis testis; serous tumors of the testes or associated parts

A

hydrocele

48
Q

congenital defect resulting in the urethral meatus being located on the ventral surface of the glans penile shaft of the base of the penis

A

hypospadias

49
Q

inability of the male to achieve and/or maintain penile erection

A

impotence

50
Q

acute inflammation of the testis due to infection

A

orchitis

51
Q

inability to replace the foreskin to its usual position

A

phimosis

52
Q

prolonged penile erection

A

priapism

53
Q

twisting of the testis on the spermatic cord

A

testicular torsion

54
Q

inflammation of the urethra

A

urethritis

55
Q

abnormal tortuosity and dilation of veins of teh pampiniform plexus within the spermatic cord. associated with reduced fertility, probably from increased venous pressure and elevated testicular temperature

A

varicocele “bag of worms”

56
Q

a bluish discoloration of the hands and feet; may be present at birth and may persist for several days or longer if the newborn is kept in cool ambient temperatures

A

acrocyanosis

57
Q

hair loss

A

alopecia

58
Q

patchy, non-scarring, asymmetric hair loss occurring in sharply defined areas of the scalp or beard

A

alopecia areata

59
Q

shaped like a ring; used to describe a lesion that forms a ring around a clear center of normal skin

A

annular

60
Q

thinning of the skin surface and loss of skin markings; skin translucent and paper-like

A

atrophy

61
Q

vesicle greater than 1cm in diameter

A

bulla

62
Q

a diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

A

cellulitis

63
Q

a facial discoloration common during pregnancy; also called the mask of pregnancy

A

cholasma

64
Q

referring to lesions that run together

A

confluent

65
Q

dried serum, blood, or purulent exudates; slightly elevated; size varies; brown, red, black, tan, or straw-colored

A

crust

66
Q

a marble or mottled appearance of the skin of a newborn when exposed to decreased temperatures; occurs because the newborn’s immature vascular system is unable to adapt to temperature changes

A

cutis marmorata

67
Q

elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semi-solid material

A

cyst

68
Q

referring to a lesion that follows a nerve or segment of the body

A

dermatomal

69
Q

a contusion or a bruise

A

ecchymosis

70
Q

common inflammatory skin disorder presenting with pruritic papulovesicular lesions

A

eczematous dermatitis

71
Q

loss of part of the epidermis; depressed, moist, glistening; follows rupture of a vesicle or bulla

A

erosion

72
Q

a common transient benign condition seen in newborns during the first week consisting of generalized small papules or pustules

A

erythema toxicum

73
Q

loss of the epidermis; linear hollowed-out, crusted area

A

excoriation

74
Q

linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis; may be moist or dry

A

fissure

75
Q

inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis

A

folliculitis

76
Q

a deep-seated infection of the pilosebaceous unit

A

furuncle

77
Q

a skin coloration that occurs in some newborns in response to changes in position

A

Harlequin color change

78
Q

irregular-shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar; grows beyond the boundaries of the wound; caused by excessive collagen formation during healing

A

Keloid

79
Q

fine, silky hair of newborn’s skin

A

Lanugo

80
Q

rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation; often involves flexor surface of extremity

A

Lichenification

81
Q

a flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the color of the skin; less than 1cm in diameter

A

macule

82
Q

areas of deep bluish-gray pigmentation most commonly on the sacral aspect of a newborn

A

Mongolian spots

83
Q

maculopapular lesions that becomes confluent on the face and body

A

Morbilliform

84
Q

a mole that varies in size and color

A

nevus

85
Q

elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in dermis than a papule; 1 to 2 cm in diameter

A

nodule

86
Q

an elevated, firm, circumscribed area; less than 1 cm in diameter

A

papule

87
Q

a flat, nonpalpable, irregular shaped macule greater than 1 cm in diameter

A

patch

88
Q

tiny, flat purple or red spots on the skin surface, resulting from minute hemorrhages within the dermal layer

A

Petechiae

89
Q

a common self-limiting exanthematous rash whose onset is marked by a “herald patch”

A

Pityriasis rosea

90
Q

elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter

A

plaque

91
Q

a chronic recurrent disease of keratin synthesis

A

psoriasis

92
Q

elevated, superficial lesion; similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid

A

pustule

93
Q

flat, deep pink localized areas usually seen on the mid-forehead, eyelids, upper lip, and back of a newborn

A

Salmon patches (stork bites)

94
Q

heaped-up, keratinized cells; flaky skin; irregular; thick or thin; dry or oily; variation in size

A

scale

95
Q

thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to the dermis

A

scar

96
Q

a lipid substance that keeps skin and hair from drying out

A

sebum

97
Q

refers to a star-shaped lesion

A

stellate

98
Q

fine, irregular, red lines produced by capillary dilation

A

telangiectasia

99
Q

a group of noncandidal fungal infections

A

tinea

100
Q

elevated solid lesion; may or may not be clearly demarcated; deeper in dermis; greater than 2 cm in diameter

A

tumor

101
Q

short fine nonpigmented hair

A

Vellus hair

102
Q

a mixture of sebum and cornified epidermis that covers the infant’s body at birth

A

Vernix caseosa

103
Q

elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis; filled with serous fluid; less than 1 cm in diameter

A

vesicle

104
Q

elevated, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient, variable diabmeter

A

wheal

105
Q

loss of epidermis and dermis; concave, varies in size

A

ulcer

Clin Med 4 (1 decks)

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