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Clinical Med test 3 Vocab > Lab Vocab > Flashcards

Lab Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Accommodation

A

Adjustment of the eye for various distances through modification of the lens curvature

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2
Q

Anisocoria

A

Inequality of the diamter of the pupils; may be normal or congential. Often normal if inequality is within 1mm

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3
Q

Aphakia

A

A condition in which part or all of the crystalline lens of the eye is absent usually because ofa surgical removal for the treatment of cataracts.

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4
Q

Aqueous Humor

A

The watery transparent liquid containing trace albumin and small amount of salts produced by the iris, ciliary body, and cornea. It circulates through the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye.

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5
Q

Corneal arcus

A

opawque white ring about corneal periphery, seen in many individuals older than 60 years of age. THis is due to deposit of lipids in the cornea or to hyaline degradation. May indicate a lipid disorder, most commonly type 2 hyperlipidemia if present before the 40 years of age (if seen in younger people it is called arcus juvenilis)

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6
Q

Asitgmatism

A

An abnormal condition in which the light rays cannot be focused clearyl in a point on the retina because of an irregular curvature of the cornea or lens

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7
Q

Cataracts

A

Opacity of the lens; most commonly resulting from denaturation of the lens protein caused by aging.

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8
Q

Chalazion

A

small,hard tumor analogous to sebaceous cyst developing on the eye lids, formed by the distension of a meibomian gland with secretion

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9
Q

Choroid

A

THe middle vascular tunic of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. Dark brown vascular coat of the eye between the sclera and the retina, extending from ora serrata to optic nerve. Consists of blood vessels united by connective tissue containing pigmented cells and is made up of five layers

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10
Q

Ciliary body

A

THe thickened part of the vascular tunic of the ye that joins the iris with the anteriir portion of the choroid. Consist of three zones: ciliary disk, ciliary crown, and ciliary muscle

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11
Q

Cones

A

The photosensitive, outward-directed, conical process of a cone cell essential for sharp vision and color vision; cones are the only photoreceptor in the fovea centralis and ebcome interspersed with increasing numbers of rods toward the periphery of the retina

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12
Q

Conjunctiva

A

The mucous membrane investing the anterior surface of the eyeball and the posterior surface of the lids

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13
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by infectious agents or by allergies; commonly called pinkeye

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14
Q

Cornea

A

the clear, transparaent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye comprising about one sixth of its surfae. It is the chief refractory structure of the eye

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15
Q

Depth perception

A

perception of spatial relationships; three dimensional perception. The visual abiliity to judge depth or distance

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16
Q

Diabetic retinopathy (background)

A

a condtion charaacterized by dot hemorrhages or microaneuryms and the presence of hard and soft exudates

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17
Q

Diabetic reinopathy (proliferative)

A

a condtion characterized by development of new vessels as a result of anozic stimulaton; vessels grow out of the retina toward the vitreous humor

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18
Q

Diopter

A

refractive power of the lens with focal distance of 1 meter, used as a unit of measurment in refraction

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19
Q

Diplopia

A

the condtion in which a single object is perceived as two objects (double vision)

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20
Q

Drusen

A

Tiny yellow or white deposits in the retina of the eye or on the optic nerve head

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21
Q

Ectoprion

A

Eversion (outward rolling) of an edge or margin; as the edge of the eyelid

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22
Q

Entropion

A

inversion (inward rolling) of an edege or margin; especially the margin of the lower eyelid

23
Q

Exophthalmos

A

an increase in the volume of the orbital content, causing a protrusion of the globes forward. It may be bilateral or unilateral. The most common cause of bilateral is Graves’ disease ( a Thyroid disease), bt when unilateral protrusssion is noted a retro-orital tumor must be suspected

24
Q

Farsightedness

A

An error of refratcion in which, with accommodation completely relaxed, parallel rays come to focus behind the retina

25
Q

Glaucoma

A

A disease of the optic nerve wherein the nerve cells die, producing increased cupping appearance of the optic nerv. An abnormal condtiion of elevated pressure within an eye resulting from obstrction of the outflow of aqqueous humor. Produces defects in the visual field and may result in blindness

26
Q

Hemianopia

A

blindness for half the filed of vision in one or both eyes

27
Q

hordeolum (sty)

A

a supporuative inflammation of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid

28
Q

Hyperopia (farsightedness)

A

a refractive error in which light rays entering the eye are focused behind the retina

29
Q

Hyphema

A

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye in front of the iris

30
Q

Iris

A

the colored contractile membrane suspeneded between the lens and cornea in the aqueaous humor of the eye separating the anterior and posterior chambers of the eyeball and perfoarated in the center by the pupil. By conraction and dilation it regulates the entrance of light

31
Q

Iritis

A

inflammation of the iris

32
Q

legal blindness

A

in the united states, a person is usually considered legally blind when vision in the better eye, corrected by glasses, is 20/200 or less, or in the case of a constricted field of vision; 20 degrees or less in the better eye

33
Q

Miosis

A

abnormal contraction of pupils

34
Q

Myopia (nearsightedness)

A

A condition resulting from refractive error in which light rays entering the eye are brought into focus in front of the retina

35
Q

Night blindness

A

decreased ability to see in reduced illumination. seen in patients with impaired rod function; often associated with a deficiency of Vitamin A

36
Q

Nystagmus

A

involuntary rhythmic movments of the eyes; the oscillations may be horizontal, vertical, rotary, or mixed

37
Q

Papilledema

A

edema of the optic disc resulting in loss of definition of the disc margin; the cause often is increased intracranial pressure

38
Q

peripheral vision

A

vision resulting from retinal stimulation beyond the macula

39
Q

pinguecula

A

a harmless yellowish triangular nodule in the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the iris that stops at the limbus

40
Q

Presbyopia

A

Hyperopia (farsightedness) and impaired near vision from loss of lens elasticity, genarally developing during middle age

41
Q

Pterygium

A

a triangular(patch like) thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly to the otuer surface of teh cornea, usualy from the nasal side, and may cover a portion of the cornea

42
Q

Ptosis

A

the dropping of one or both upper eyelids

43
Q

Punctum

A

The tiny aperture (opening) in the margin of each eyelid that opens to the lacrimal duct

44
Q

red reflex

A

a response caused by light illuminating the retina

45
Q

refraction

A

the act of determining the nature and degree of the refractive errors in the eye and correction of them by lenses

46
Q

Retina

A

the sensory network of the eye that transforms light impulses into electrcial impulses, which are transmitted through the optic nerve

47
Q

Retinitis pigmentosa

A

a chronic progressive disease, which may occur in childhood, characterized by degeneration of the retinal neuroepithelium.

48
Q

retinoblastoma

A

an embryonic malignant glioma arising from the retina usually during the first two years of life. Initial diagnositc finding is uaully a yellowing or white light relfex seen at the pupil. (Cat’s eye reflex)

49
Q

Rods

A

the photosensitive, outward-directed process of a rhodopsin- containing rod cell in the external granular layer of the retina; many millions of such rods, together with the cones, form the photoreceptive layer of rods and cones

50
Q

Sclera

A

A tough white fibrous tissue which covers the so-called white of the eye. Ut extends from the optic nerve to the cornea

51
Q

scleritis

A

superficial and deep inflammation of the sclera

52
Q

strabismus

A

a condition in which both eyes do not focus on the sam object simultaneously, however either eye can focus independently

53
Q

uveitis

A

inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid, or the entire uvea

54
Q

vitreous body

A

a transparent jellylike substance that fills the cavity of the eyeball, enclosed by the hyaloid membrane; it is compsed of a delicate network (vitreous stroma) enclosing in its meshes a watery fluid (vitreous humor)

Clinical Med test 3 Vocab (4 decks)

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