Lab Values NCLEX Flashcards
Sodium (Na)
135-145 mEq/L
Regulates the amount of water that’s in and around the cells
- Blood pressure and volume maintenance
- Plays a major role in nerve conduction
Potassium (K)
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Regulates water and acid-base balance
-Heart needs potassium to maintain rhythm and regulate BP
Calcium (Ca)
8.5-10.2 mg/dL
- Bone/teeth structure
- Cell signaling
- Blood clotting,
- Muscle contraction/nerve function
Magnesium (Mg)
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
- Nerve and muscle function
- Heart rhythm
- Immune function
- Production of blood glucose levels, energy, and protein
Phosphorus (P)
2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL
- formation of bones and teeth
- growth and repair of cell tissues
- used in the body’ process of making use of carbs and fats
Albumin
- 5-5.5 g/dL
- main protein produced by the liver, maintains intravascular colloid osmotic pressure (aka helps the fluid stay in your vasculature and not leak into tissues)
PT (prothrombin time)
11-13.5 seconds
PTT/aPTT
(Activated) Partial Thromboplastin Time
PTT= 60-70 seconds aPTT= 30-40 seconds
test that takes a patient’s blood and add’s a substance and then measure’s the amount of time it takes for the blood to clot
INR
International normalized ration
2.0-3.0
Test used to measure the time it takes for blood to clot
-often used for people taking Warfarin
Platelets
150,000-450,000 µL
cells found in the blood that bind together to form clots during injury- help w healing but also responsible for producing blood clots
FSP/FDP/d Dimer
Less than or equal to 500 ng/mL
D Dimer test is used to indicate the presence of fibrin degradation products (FDP)
-when levels are above the expected, this means pt may have a blood clot or PE
pH
7.35-7.45
HCO3 (this is bicarbonate)
22-28 mmHG
paCO2
35-45 mmHG
SaO2
97% or above
WBC
4,500-11,000
-cells of the body involved in protecting against infectious disease and foreign invaders
Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)
2500-6000
measure of the number of neutrophil granulocytes present in the blood; taken from the overall WBC count
Hgb (hemoglobin)
Women: 12.0-15.5
Men: 13.5-17.5
Measure of the protein in the blood that carries O2 throughout the body
Hct (hematocrit)
Women: 37-48%
Men: 45-52%
determines the percentage of RBCs in the blood
CK-MB
0% of total CK
30-170 u/L
cardiac enzyme that is released into the bloodstream when the heart muscle suffers ischemia
-helps diagnose MI
Troponin
<0.5 ng/ML
cardiac enzyme that is released into the bloodstream when the heart muscle suffers ischemia
-helps diagnose MI
Lipid Panel
Cholesterol, LDL, HDL, Triglycerides
-Cholesterol: <200 mg/dL
-LDL:
<130 mg/dL
-HDL:
females- >55 mg/dL
males- > 45 mg/dL
-Triglycerides:
males- 40-160 mg/dL
females- 35-135 mg/dL
BUN
??????
results from breakdown of protein in liver, creating the byproduct of urea nitrogen
Creatinine
generally 0.8-1.4
- 6-1.2 mg/dL in males
- 5-1.1 mg/dL in females
-results from protein and muscle breakdown
Urinalysis
pH: 6.5-7.5 WBC: can indicate infection RBC: can indicate infection Ketones and Nitrates: any presence of these can indicate DM, fat metabolism, infection, cancer
Phenytoin
10-20 ug/mL
used for management of seizures
Digoxin
0.5-0.8 ng/mL
cardiac glycoside; increased force of myocardial contraction
-decreases heart rate
Lithium
Maintenance level= 0.4-1.0 mEq/L
used for treatment of bipolar disorders (mood stabilization)
Theophylline
5-15 mcg/mL
bronchodilator
-long term control of COPD or asthma
HgBA1c
Normal: 4-5.6
*higher than 6.5 means you HAVE diabetes, 5.6-6.5 means the pt is at risk
Pre albumin and Albumin Levels
15-36 mg/dL (pre albumin)
3.5-5 g/dL (albumin)
1 oz= ? mL
30 mL
