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NAPLEX 2021 > Lab Values & Monitoring > Flashcards

Lab Values & Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

Calcium normal range (total)

A

8.5-10.5 mg/dL

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2
Q

Calcium normal range (ionized)

A

4.5-5.1 mg/dL

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3
Q

When to calculate corrected calcium?

A

When albumin is low (<3.5 g/dL)

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4
Q

Calculate corrected calcium with ionized Ca?

A

No

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5
Q

Ca correction equation

A

Ca (mg/dL) = calcium(reported) + [4.0 - albumin) * (0.8)]

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6
Q

Drugs that ↑ Ca?

A

calcium supplementation, vitamin D, thiazide diuretics

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7
Q

Drugs that ↓ Ca?

A

long-term heparin, loop diuretics, bisphosphonates, cinacalcet, [systemic steroids, calcitonin, foscarnet, topiramate]

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8
Q

Magnesium normal range

A

1.3-2.1 mEq/L

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9
Q

Reasons for ↓ Mag?

A

PPIs, diuretics, [amphoB, foscarnet, echinocandins, diarrhea, chronic alcohol use]

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10
Q

Phosphate normal range

A

2.3-4.7 mEq/dL

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11
Q

Reasons for ↓ PO4?

A

[phosphate binders, foscarnet, oral Ca intake]

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12
Q

Reasons for ↑ PO4?

A

renal failure

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13
Q

Potassium normal range

A

3.5-5 mEq/L

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14
Q

Reasons for ↑ K?

A

ACEis, ARBs, aldosterone receptor antagonists, aliskiren, canagliflozin, CYA, tacrolimus, MMF, K supplements, SMZ/TMP, drospirenone, chronic heparin use, NSAIDs, pentamidine

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15
Q

Reasons for ↓ K?

A

b-2 agonists, diuretics, insulin

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16
Q

Sodium normal range

A

135-145 mEq/L

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17
Q

Reasons for ↓ Na?

A

carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, SSRIs, diuretics

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18
Q

Bicarbonate normal range (venous/arterial)

A

venous: 24-30 mEq/L
arterial: 22-26 mEq/L

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19
Q

Reasons for ↓ Bicarb?

A

topiramate

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20
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen normal range (BUN)

A

7-20 mg/dL

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21
Q

Serum creatinine normal range

A

0.6-1.3 mg/dL

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22
Q

Reasons for ↑ SCr?

A

aminoglycosides, amphoB, cisplatin, colistimethate, CYA, loop diuretics, polymixin, NSAIDs, radiocontrast dye, tacrolimus, vancomycin

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23
Q

Anion Gap normal range

A

5-12 mEq/L

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24
Q

Reasons for ↑ AG?

A

metabolic acidosis

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25
Q

WBC normal range

A

4,000-11,000 cells/m^(3)

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26
Q

Neutrophils normal range

A

45-73%

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27
Q

Bands normal range

A

3-5%

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28
Q

What are bands?

A

immature neutrophils released to fight infections (left shift)

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29
Q

Eosinophils normal range

A

0-5%

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30
Q

Cause for high eosinophils?

A

parasitic infections

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31
Q

Basophils normal range

A

0-1%

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32
Q

Cause for high basophils?

A

hypersensitivity reactions

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33
Q

Lymphocyte normal range

A

20-40%

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34
Q

Causes for high lymphocytes?

A

viral infections, lymphoma

35
Q

Causes for low lymphocytes?

A

bone marrow suppression, HIV due to systemic steroids

36
Q

RBC normal range (males)

A

4.5-5.5 * 10^(6) cells/uL

37
Q

RBC normal range (females)

A

4.1-4.9 *10^(6) cells/uL

38
Q

Hgb normal range (males)

A

13.5-18 g/dL

39
Q

Hgb normal range (females)

A

12-16 g/dL

40
Q

MCV normal range

41
Q

Causes for high MCV?

A

B12 or folate deficiency

42
Q

Causes for low MCV?

A

iron deficiency

43
Q

Folic acid normal range

A

5-25 mcg/L

44
Q

When are folic acid levels ordered?

A

To differentiate macrocytic anemia

45
Q

Causes for low folic acid?

A

phenytoin/fosphenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, methotrexate, SMX/TMP

46
Q

B12 normal range

A

> 200 pg/mL

47
Q

Causes for low B12?

A

PPIs, metformin

48
Q

reticulocyte count normal range

49
Q

Positive Coombs test?

A

drug-induced hemolysis caused by penicillins and cephalosporins, dapsone, isoniazid, levodopa/methyldopa, methylene blue, nitrofurantoin, etc

50
Q

G6PD normal range

A

5-15 units/gram

51
Q

Anti-Xa activity normal range

52
Q

When to obtain peak anti-Xa?

A

4 hours after SC LMWH dose

53
Q

PT normal range

A

10-13 seconds

54
Q

INR normal range

55
Q

INR goal range for anticoagulated patients

A

2-3 (2.5-3.5 for mechanical heart valve)

56
Q

Platelet normal range

A

150,000-450,000 mm^(3)

57
Q

Albumin normal range

A

3.5-5 g/dL

58
Q

AST/ALT normal range

A

10-40 units/L

59
Q

T Bili normal range

A

0.1-1.2 mg/dL

60
Q

Amylase normal range

A

60-180 units/L

61
Q

Lipase normal range

A

5-160 units/L

62
Q

CPK normal range (males)

A

55-170 IU/L

63
Q

CPK normal range (females)

A

30-135 IU/L

64
Q

Troponin I normal range

A

0-0.5 ng/mL

65
Q

BNP normal range

A

<100 pg/mL

66
Q

LDL normal range

A

<100 mg/dL

67
Q

HDL normal range

A

≥ 60 mg/dL

68
Q

Non-HDL calculation

69
Q

TG normal range

A

<150 mg/dL

70
Q

CRP normal range

A

0-0.5 mg/dL

71
Q

Fasting Plasma Glucose for diabetes

A

≥ 126 mg/dL

72
Q

Fasting Plasma Glucose for prediabetes

A

100-125 mg/dL

73
Q

A1c normal

74
Q

C-peptide (fasting) normal range

A
  • Used to distinguish T1DM vs T2DM

- 0.78-1.89 ng/mL

75
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone normal range

A

0.3-3 MlU/L

76
Q

TSH level for HYPOthyroidism

77
Q

TSH level for HYPERhyroidism

78
Q

Uric acid normal levels (males)

A

3.5-7.2 mg/dL

79
Q

Uric acid normal levels (females)

A

2-6.4 mg/dL

80
Q

CD4+ T lymphocyte count normal

A

800-1,000 cells/m^(3)

81
Q

HIV RNA concentration (viral load) normal

A

undetectable

82
Q

pH normal level

83
Q

PSA normal level

84
Q

lactic acid normal range

A

0.5-2.2 mEq/L

NAPLEX 2021 (1 decks)

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