Lab Values Guiding Questions Flashcards
What are lab values and why are they used?
Lab values are objective measurements obtained by blood to provide info about a patient’s physiological status like organ function, etc.
What does a critical value mean when discussing lab values?
Critical values are values that are vitally important for a patient, these are things that need to be kept an extra eye on
Why do physical therapist reference lab values?
Screening risk assessment, diagnosis, and monitoring
What makes up a basic metabolic panel
Sodium, chloride, potassium, bicarbonate, calcium, blood urea, nitrogen, creatinine, and glucose
What makes up a comprehensive metabolic panel
Basic and liver function test
What makes up a complete blood count
White and red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, and hematocrit
What makes up an electrolyte panel
Sodium potassium chloride and calcium
What makes up a liver function/hepatic panel? (LFT)
Serum albium, prealbium, bilirubin, ammonia, liver enzyme
What makes up a lipid panel
Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride
What makes up the coagulation test and assays
Plasma D dimer, PTT, PT, INR
What are some cardiovascular specific labs?
Creatine, BNP, troponin
What are the sodium levels?
• Normal: 136 - 145 mEq/L
• Critical: <120 or >160
What are the potassium level?
• 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
• Critical: <2.5 or >6.5
What are the chloride levels?
98 - 106 mEq/L
• Critical: <80 or >115
What are the calcium levels?
• 9 - 10.5 mg/dL
• Critical <6 or >13
What are the phosphate levels?
• Normal: 3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL)
• Critical: <1.0
What are the magnesium levels?
• Normal: 1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L
• Critical: <0.5 or >3
What are the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels?
• Normal: 10 - 20mg/dL
• Critical: >100
What are the serum creatine levels?
• Normal: 0.5-1.2 mg/dL
• Critical: >4
What are the bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels?
• Normal: 21-28 mEq/L
• Critical: <15 or >40
What are glucose levels?
• Normal: 74 - 106mg/dL
• Critical: <50 or >400
What are serum albumin levels?
• Normal: 3.5 - 5 g/dL
• Critical: <1.5
What are serum prealbumin levels?
Normal: 15-36 mg/dL
• Critical: <10.7 severe nutritional deficiency
What are serum bilirubin levels?
• Normal: 0.3 - 1.0 mg/dL
• Critical: >12
What are ammonia levels?
• Normal: 10-80 ug/dL
What are levels for white blood cells?
• Normal: 5,000 - 30,000 per mm3
• Critical: <2,5000 or >30,000
What are levels for red blood cells?
• 4.2 - 6.1 106/uL
What are levels for platelets?
• 150,000-400,000 per mm3
• Critical: <50,000 or >1 million
What are levels for hemoglobin?
• Normal: 12-18 g/dL
• Critical: <5 or >20
What are levels for hematocrit?
• Normal: 37-52%
• Critical: <15% or >60%
What are plasma d-dimer levels?
• Reference range: <250 ng/mL or 0.4 mcg/mL
What are levels for Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)?
• Normal: 30-40 seconds
• Critical: >70 increased risk for spontaneous bleeding
What are levels for Prothrombin Time (PT)?
• Normal: 11.0-12.5 seconds
• High risk for bleeding into tissue: 20 (use caution and discuss with interprofessional team)
What are levels for International Normalized Ration (INR)?
• Normal: 0.8-1.1
• Critical: >5.5
What are levels for total cholesterol?
• Normal: <200 mg/dL
What are levels for high-density lipoprotein?
• Normal: >45-55
• >60: may protect against CVD
• <35 may increase risk for CVD
What are levels for low-density lipoprotein?
• Optimal <100 mg/dL
• Near optimal: 100-129
• Borderline high: 130-159
• High: 160-189
• Very high: >190
What are levels for triglycerides?
• Normal: 35-135 mg/dL
• Classification:• Desirable: <150
• Borderline high: 150-199
• High: 200-499
• Very high: >500
What are levels for Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)?
• Normal: <100pg/mL indicated no heart failure
• Likely heart failure: >400
What are levels for Creatine Kinase (CK)?
• Normal: 26-174 U/L
• Sub-Types of CK enzyme
• CK-MM - skeletal muscle• CK-MB - cardiac muscle
• CK-BB - brain tissue
