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Foundations of Nursing > Lab Values and Diagnostic Testing > Flashcards

Lab Values and Diagnostic Testing Flashcards

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1
Q

Female Hemoglobin (Hgb)

A

12-16 g/dL
Low: Bleeding or anemia
High: Polycythemia

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2
Q

Male Hemoglobin (Hgb)

A

14-18 g/dL
Low: Bleeding or anemia
High Polycythemia

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3
Q

Female Hematocrit (Hct)

A

37-47%
% by volume of red blood cells in blood
Low: Fluid overload
High: Dehydration

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4
Q

Male Hematocrit (Hct)

A

45-52%
% by volume of red blood cells in blood
Low Fluid overload
High: Dehydration

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5
Q

Platelet Count

A

150,000-400,000
Low: Risk for bleeding
High: Risk for excessive clotting

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6
Q

White Blood Cell (WBC) Count

A

5,000-10,000
Low: Immunocompromised
High: Infection

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7
Q

Sodium (Na)

A

136-145 mEG/L
High/low impacts neurological function

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8
Q

Potassium (K)

A

3.5-5.0 mEG/L
High/low impacts heart muscle

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9
Q

Calcium (Ca)

A

8.4-10.5 mg/dL
Impacts heart muscle and skeletal muscle

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10
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A

10-20 mg/dL
Low: fluid overload or liver disease
High: Renal disease or dehydration

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11
Q

Glucose

A

70-110 mg/dL
Low: Hypoglycemia
High: Diabetes or adrenal gland abnormalities

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12
Q

Female Creatinine

A

0.5-1.1 mg/dL
Low: Impaired nutrition
High: Renal disease

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13
Q

Male Creatinine

A

0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Low: Impaired Nutrition
High: Renal disease

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14
Q

Coagulation Studies:
International Normalized Ratio (INR)

A

0.76-1.27
Low: Risk for clotting
High: Risk for bleeding

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15
Q

Coagulation Studies:
Prothrombin Time (PT)

A

11-12.5 seconds
Low: Risk for clotting
High: Risk for bleeding

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16
Q

Coagulation Studies:
Partial Thromboplastin Time

A

60-70 seconds
Low: Risk for clotting
High: Risk for bleeding

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17
Q

Arterial Blood Gases:
Acid-Base Balance

A

7.35-7.45
Low: Acidosis
High: Alkalosis

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18
Q

Arterial Blood Gases:
Partial Pressure of Oxygen (pO2)

A

80-100 mmHg
Low: Hypoxia
High: Increased O2 levels in inhaled air

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19
Q

Arterial Blood Gases:
Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (pCO2)

A

35-45 mmHG
Low: Acidosis
High: Alkalosis

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20
Q

Arterial Blood Gases:
Bicarbonate (HCO3)

A

21-28 mEG/L
Low: Acidosis
High: Alkalosis

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21
Q

Non-invasive test that involves using cross-sections to provide an image:

A

Computed Tomography (CT)

*Screen for allergies and renal disease due to use of dye

22
Q

Most common diagnostic tool that exposes the body to a small dose of radiation:

A

X-Ray

23
Q

Uses sound waves to assess size, shape, or fluid in organ or cavity:

A

Ultrasound

*No special precautions

24
Q

Uses magnetic fields to create images - commonly used for ischemic strokes or soft tissues damage:

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

*Client must be screened for implanted metal

25
Q

Total Cholesterol

A

Normal Range: < 200 mg/dL

26
Q

High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)

A

Good Cholesterol
Normal Range: > 55 mg/dL

27
Q

Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)

A

Bad Cholesterol
Normal Range: < 130 mg/dL

28
Q

Uses scope with camera to visualize area:

A

Direct Visualization - Scopes

*Endoscopy (esophagus), Bronchoscopy (air passages), Arthroscopy (joints)

29
Q

Uses radioactive isotope injected into client and then client is scanned:

A

Nuclear Diagnostic Scan

*Client requires IV

30
Q

Uses small needle to withdraw fluid through surgical incision for analysis:

A

“-centesis”

*Invasive, client NPO if sedated

*Paracentesis (peritoneal cavity), Thoracentesis (pleural space between lung and chest wall), Amniocentesis (amniotic fluid)

31
Q

Sample of body tissue taken for analysis:

A

Biopsy

*Invasive, clients sedated and NPO

32
Q

Nursing Process: ADPIE

A

Assess
Diagnose/Analyze
Plan
Implement
Evaluate

33
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:

A

Highest: Physiological Needs
Safety Needs
Love and Belonging
Esteem Needs
Lowest: Self-actualization

34
Q

Common Symptoms of STI:

A

Discharge from penis, vagina, or anus
Pain during sex
Blisters/sores
Fever

35
Q

Human Immunodeficiency Disorder (HIV)

A

Transmitted: Contaminated needles/blood products or vaginal/anal/oral intercourse

36
Q

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

A

*Most Common STI
Transmitted: Direct contact with genital warts, semen, and other fluids

37
Q

Chlamydia

A

*Bacterial Infection - can cause infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease if not treated quickly

38
Q

Assessment Sexual Health: PLISSIT

A

Permission
Limited Information is relayed about clients sexual health
Specific Suggestions
Intensive Therapy

39
Q

Focuses on improved health outcomes for an entire population - Primary care and health education, proper nutrition, maternal child health care, family planning, immunizations, disease control

A

Primary Health Care

40
Q

Disease-oriented and focused on reducing and controlling risk factors for disease through activities - Immunization and occupational health programs, helmets/seatbelts, education, maternity care, BP screening

A

Client Preventative Services

41
Q

Measures to prevent illness across a population

A

Population-Base Health Care

42
Q

Clients treated for illness or injury that needs care beyond primary care - Acute inpatient, ER care, etc.

A

Secondary Health Care

43
Q

Client receives care for injury or illness but care is more specialized - Intensive care, long-term acute care

A

Tertiary Health Care

44
Q

Client has had an illness or injury and needs extended care after an acute problem - Rehab, skilled nursing facility, cardia rehab, home health

A

Restorative Care

45
Q

Client can’t care for themselves without assistance for prolonged period or even for the rest of their life - Hospice, nursing homes, assisted living, adult day care, respite care

A

Continuing Care

46
Q

Prioritizing Problems:

A

High: problems that will cause loss of life or limb
Intermediate: problems that are physical but not immediately life threatening or emergent
Low: problems that are psychosocial or require education

47
Q

Acronym for Writing Outcomes (SMART):

A

Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Relevant
Time specified

48
Q

Clinical Judgement Model:

A

*Created by National Council of State Nursing Boards (NCSBN)
Recognizing cues
Analyzing cues
Prioritizing hypotheses
Generating solutions
Take actions
Evaluating outcomes

49
Q

Isotope scan of oxygen flow, glucose metabolism, and blood flow - gives info about physiology of area

A

Positron emission tomography (PET)

50
Q

Five Components of Critical Thinking:

A

Knowledge Base
Experience
Critical Thinking Competencies
Attitudes
Standards for Critical Thinking

Foundations of Nursing (2 decks)

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