Lab Values

Question 1

Normal osmolality

Answer 1

275-295 mOsm/kg

Question 2

Hypo-osmolar

Answer 2

Less than 275 mOsm/kg

Question 3

Hyper-osmolar

Answer 3

Greater than 295 mOsm/kg

Question 4

Normal INR

Answer 4

In healthy ppl INR 1.1 or below is normal
For people on warfarin for afib or blood clot in leg or lung a range INR 2.0-3 is effective (for heart valves it might have to be higher 2.5-3.5)

Question 5

Normal chloride level

Answer 5

96-106 mEq/L

Question 6

Normal potassium

Answer 6

3.5-5 mEq/L

Question 7

Normal BUN

Answer 7

7-20 mg/dL

Question 8

Manifestations of hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia

Answer 8

Twitching and seizure activity

Question 9

What do you see in hypercalcemia & hypophosphatemia

Answer 9

Extreme muscle weakness

Question 10

EKG changes in hypokalemia

Answer 10

U waves

Question 11

Hyperkalemia EKG changes

Answer 11

Tall peaked T wave

Question 12

Normal creatinine level

And byproduct of____

Answer 12

0. 7-1.5 mg/ dL

* Byproduct of muscle metabolism

Question 13

RBC/erythrocytes in neonate
2-6 mo
1-16 years
16-18 years

Answer 13

2-6 mo: 3.8-5.6
1-16 years 3.9-5.3 million/mm^3
16-18 years 4.2-5.4 million /mm^3

Question 14

Hgb

Answer 14

Newborn: 14.5-22.5 g/dL
2 mo 9-14
6-12 yrs 11.5-15.5
12-18 yrs 12-16

Question 15

Hct

Answer 15

Indicates proportion of RBCs in a liter of blood
Usually about 3×Hgb 
Neonate: 48-68% 
2 mo 28-42%
12-18 yrs 36-49%

Question 16

Platelets

Answer 16

150,000-400,000

If too low- thrombocytopenia

Question 17

Normal fibrinogen

Answer 17

200-400 mg/dL

Or 2-4 g/L

Question 18

WBC count and differential “shift to the left”

Answer 18

Differential provides percentage of each type of leukocyte (WBC) an increase in WBC often r/t increase in 1 type and often in immature neutrophils( known as bands) and an indication of an infectious process

Question 19

PT

Prothrombin Time

Answer 19

10-13 seconds 
Time increases with: anticoagulation therapy 
Vitamin K deficiency
Decreased prothrombin 
DIC 
Liver disease
Malignant neoplasm 
* Some drugs may shorten time

Question 20

Hypocalcemia symptoms

Answer 20

Tachypnea, wheezing, strider, tremors muscle cramps, and prolonged ST