Lab Values

Question 1

Liver Lab Values

Answer 1

Billirubin (blood) Adult
ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
ALP (Alkaline Phosphate)

Question 2

Kidney Lab Values

Answer 2

Creatinine (blood)

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Question 3

Pancreas Lab Values

Answer 3

Amylase (blood)
Lipase (blood)
Glucose (fasting)

Question 4

Thyroid Lab Values

Answer 4

THS (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
T3 (Triiodothyronine)
T4 (Thyroxine)

Question 5

Male Lab Values

Answer 5

PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)

Estrogen

Question 6

Female Lab Values

Answer 6

Estrogen

Question 7

Pregnancy Lab Values

Answer 7

HCG (Human Chronic Gonadotropin)

AFP (Alpha Fetoprotein)

Question 8

Clotting Factors

Answer 8

PT (Prothrombin Time)
PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time)
Hematocrit (% of RBC per volume)

Question 9

Blood Counts

Answer 9

CBC (Complete Blood Count)
RBC (Red Blood Count)
WBC (White Blood Count)

Question 10

Billirubin (blood) Adult

Answer 10

Direct (conjugated)- high levels indicate jaundice & hemolytic anemia
Total- high levels indicate liver disease, gallstones, hepatitis

Liver Lab Value

Question 11

ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)

Answer 11

High levels indicate hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver necrosis

Liver lab value

Question 12

AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)

Answer 12

High levels indicate heart attack, muscle trauma, hepatitis, cirrhosis

Liver lab value

Question 13

ALP (Alkaline Phosphate)

Answer 13

High levels indicate leukemia, lymphoma, hepatitis
Low levels indicate protein deficiency, malnutrition

Liver lab value

Question 14

Creatinine (blood)

Answer 14

High levels indicate kidney failure or disease, UTI, shock
Low levels indicate liver failure, low dietary protein

Kidney lab value

Question 15

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 15

High values indicate kidney damage or failure, dehydration
Low values indicate muscular dystrophy & myasthenia graves

Kidney lab value

Question 16

Amylase (blood)

Answer 16

High values indicate acute pancreatitis, cholecystitis, pancreatic carcinoma
Low values indicate pancreatic damage, carcinoma, kidney disease

Pancreas lab value

Question 17

Lipase (blood)

Answer 17

High levels indicate Celiac disease, acute pancreatitis, cholecystitis
Low levels indicate chronic pancreatic damage

Pancreas lab value

Question 18

Glucose (fasting)

Answer 18

High levels indicate diabetes, pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer
Low levels indicate hypoglycemia, adrenal insufficiency

Pancreas lab value

Question 19

Total Protein

Answer 19

High levels indicate pregnancy, chronic inflammation, HIV

Low levels indicate hemorrhage, extensive burns, liver disease

Question 20

LDL (low density lipoprotein)

Answer 20

“Bad cholesterol”

High levels linked to cardiovascular disease

Question 21

HDL (high density lipoprotein)

Answer 21

“Good cholesterol”

Carry lipids to liver

Question 22

VLDL (very low density lipoprotein)

Answer 22

Very bad cholesterol

High levels indicate build up of cholesterol on artery walls

Question 23

Triglycerides

Answer 23

High levels linked to coronary artery disease

Question 24

THS (Thyroid stimulating hormone)

Answer 24

High levels indicate hypothyroidism

Low levels indicate Graves’ disease

Question 25

T3 (Triiodothyronine)

Answer 25

High levels indicate Graves’ disease

Low levels indicate thyroiditis

Question 26

T4 (thyroxine)

Answer 26

High levels indicate Graves’ disease, goifer

Low levels indicate hypothyroidism, malnutrition

Question 27

PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)

Answer 27

High values indicate prostatitis, prostate cancer, UTI

Question 28

Estrogen

Answer 28

Males
High values indicate delayed puberty, adrenal cancer, testicular cancer, cirrhosis, gynecomastia, hyperthyroidism

Females
High values indicate early puberty, adrenal or ovarian tumors, ovarian hypo function, rapid weight loss, low body fat
Low values indicate Turner syndrome, poly cystic ovarian syndrome, anorexia, hypopituitarism, extreme exercise endurance, menopause

Question 29

HCG (Human Chronic Gonadotropin)

Answer 29

Can be determined by blood or urine 10 days after conception
Rapidly rise in first trimester and double every 48 hours
Low values/abnormally rising indicate miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, fetal death, partial miscarriage
High values indicate pregnancy, more than 1 fetus, uterine or ovarian cancer, uterine hydatidiform mole/GTN
High in males indicate testicular cancer

Question 30

AFP (alpha fetoprotein)

Answer 30

Used to screen for birth defects
Produced in fetal yolk sac and liver of developing fetus
Low values indicate Down syndrome and edward syndrome
High values indicate more than 1 fetus, anacephaly, miscarriage, spina bifida, Turner syndrome, tetralogy of Fallot, duodenal atresia

Question 31

PT (Prothrombin Time)

Answer 31

Precursor to thrombin- formation normal blood clots
Low levels indicate vitamin k deficiency, liver disease, bleeding disorders
High levels indicate alcohol consumption, wrong medication dosage, food complications

Question 32

PTT (partial thromboplastin time)

Answer 32

Measure ability of proteins to clot

Low levels indicate hemophilia, liver disease, lupus anticoagulants, vitamin K deficiency

Question 33

Hematocrit

Answer 33

% of RBC per volume
Low levels indicate anemia, sickle cell, blood loss, nutritional deficiencies, leukemia, colon cancer, over hydration
High levels indicate chronic smoking, high altitudes, erythrocytosis, hypoxia, polycythemia, dehydration, tumors, pulmonary fibrosis

Question 34

CBC

Answer 34

Complete blood count

Measures tot hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet, wbc, RBC

Question 35

RBC

Answer 35

Red blood count
Low values indicate anemia, bleeding, leukemia
High value Indicate smoking, congenital heart disease, dehydration, kidney tumor

Question 36

WBC

Answer 36

White blood count
Low values indicate bone marrow disease liver disease, Splaine disease, bacterial or viral infection, cancer drugs, radiation
High values indicate tissue damage, leukemia, mental and physical stress, smoking, inflammatory disease, splenectomy