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Nursing Core Knowledge > Lab Values > Flashcards

Lab Values Flashcards

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1
Q

Ammonia

A

15-45 ug/dL

Helps maintain acid/base balance. Elevation is a sign of liver disease

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2
Q

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

pH

A

pH: 7.35-7.45 (arterial)

Acid/base level of the blood; Hydrogen ion (H+) level. Excess hydrogen = acidity

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3
Q

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

PaCO2

A

35-45 mm Hg

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide: how well are lungs eliminating

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4
Q

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

 P02
A

Partial pressure of oxygen

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5
Q

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

Pa02

A

80-100 mm Hg

Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood: how much is in the blood

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6
Q

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

HC03

A

22-25 mEq/L

Bicarbonate

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7
Q

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

Sa02

A

94-100%

Arterial oxygen saturation (bound to hemoglobin)

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8
Q

Alkaline Phosphatase

A

52-142 u/L

Enzyme. Elevation indicates skeletal diseases, liver disease, or bile duct blockage. Levels rise x3 during puberty. Requires 8 hour fast.

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9
Q

Amylase (serum)

A

25-125 u/L

Enzyme produced by pancreas; elevation indicates pancreatitis

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10
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A

1-5 pg/mL

Low levels indicate diabetes insipidus. Elevation indicates SIADH

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11
Q

SIADH

A

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

body makes too much antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This hormone helps the kidneys control the amount of water your body loses through the urine. SIADH causes the body to retain too much water

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12
Q

Albumin

A

3.4-5.4 g/dL (adults)
4-5.8 g/dL (children)

Most abundant plasma protein

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13
Q

ANC

A

3-7 10^9/L

Absolute neutrophil count: WBC x % neutrophils in differential

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14
Q

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

A

10-40 u/L (male)
7-35 u/L (female)

Enzyme. Sensitive indicator of liver disease

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15
Q

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)

A

14-20 u/L (male)
10-36 u/L (female)

Enzyme. High levels indicate liver damage

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16
Q

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)

A

<100 pg/mL

Hormone produced by heart ventricles. Increases with age and heart failure

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17
Q

Bilirubin (total serum)

A

0.3-1.0 mg/dL (adults)

<10 (neonates)

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18
Q

Unconjugated Bilirubin

A

0.1-1.1 mg/dL

(Indirect) Product of heme released from hbg in RBC hemolysis. High levels indicate liver damage

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19
Q

Conjugated Bilirubin

A

0.1-2 mg/dL

(Direct) Excreted in stool. High levels can indicate biliary obstruction

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20
Q

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

8-20 mg/dL

Reflects protein intake and renal excretory capacity

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21
Q

CD4

A

450-1400/ uL

Type of WBC called helper T cell. <200 indicates AIDS

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22
Q

C-reactive protein (CRP)

A

<1.0 mg/dL

Marker of inflammation

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23
Q

Calcium

A

8.2-10.2 mg/dL

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24
Q

Chloride

A

96-106 mEq/L

Part of CMP. Maintains osmotic balance and therefore BP. Inversely related to bicarbonate. Elevated in dehydration. Decreased in vomiting, gastric suctioning, Addison disease

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25
Q

CMP

A

comprehensive metabolic panel

blood test that gives doctors information about the body’s fluid balance, levels of electrolytes like sodium and potassium, and how well the kidneys and liver are working.

26
Q

Cholesterol (total)

A

<199 mg/dL (adults)
<170 mg/dL (children)

Elevated in CAD, hepatitis, lipid disorders, pancreatitis

27
Q

CAD

A

Coronary Artery Disease

28
Q

HDL

A

> 60 mg/dL

High HDL = low risk for CAD

high-density lipoprotein

29
Q

LDL

A

100-129 mg/dL

High LDL = High risk for CAD

low-density lipoprotein

30
Q

Creatinine (serum)

A
  1. 9-1.3 mg/dL (male)
  2. 6-1.1 mg/dL (female)

Elevation indicates renal damage

31
Q

Creatinine kinase (CK) (total)

A

38-174 u/L (male)
26-140 u/L (female)

Protein found throughout body; released with muscle inflammation/ trauma

32
Q

CKMB

A

<6% of CK
<0.06

In acute MI, s increase within 4 hours, peaks within 24 hours-persistent elevations indicate ongoing myocardial damage

creatine kinase myocardial band

33
Q

D-dimer

A

<250 mcg/L

Indicates venous thrombosis, DIC, or pulmonary embolism

34
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

A

0-15 mm/hr (male)
0-20 mm/hr (women)
0-10 mm/hr (children)

Increased in inflammatory disorders
Gradually increases with age

35
Q

Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)

A

7-47 U/L (male)
5-25 U/L (female)

Enzyme elevated in liver disease and pancreatitis

36
Q

Glucose (fasting)

A

<110 mg/dL

126 or higher x2 = DM

37
Q

Hematocrit (HCT)

A

42-52% (males)
36-48% (females)
30-42% (children)

% of packed red blood cells. Elevated in high altitude, pregnancy, dehydration

38
Q

Hemoglobin (Hb)

A

14-17.4 g/dL (men)
12-16 g/dL (women)
9-15 g/dL (children)

Level of hemoglobin in 100mL of whole blood
Joint Commission recommends blood transfusion at 7 g/dL

39
Q

Hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c)

A

5-7%

% of glycated hb (hb coated with glucose) in the blood; gives an average of blood glucose levels over the past 3 months. 6.5 or higher x2 = DM

40
Q

LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)

A

100-190 IU/L

Enzyme found in the presence of cell damage

41
Q

Lactate (lactic acid)

A

0.5-2.2 mEq/L

Associated with hypoxia. Levels correlate with Sepsis severity

42
Q

Magnesium

A

1.8-2.6 mg/dL

Electrolyte vital for neuromuscular function. Elevated in renal failure

43
Q

Phosphate

A
  1. 7-4.5 mg/dL (adult)
  2. 5-5.5 mg/dL (children)

Inversely r/t calcium
Higher in children due to bone growth

44
Q

PTT (partial thromboplastin time)

A

60-70 seconds

Time it takes to form fibrin clot. Measures intrinsic pathway. Used to monitor heparin therapy

45
Q

aPTT (activated PTT)

A

21-35 seconds

Activator added during the test to shorten clotting time

46
Q

PT (prothrombin time)

A

11-13 seconds

Time it takes to form fibrin clot. Measures extrinsic pathway. Used to monitor Coumadin therapy

47
Q

INR (international normalized ratio)

A

<2.0

Correlates with PT. Therapeutic level is 2-3 if taking Coumadin

48
Q

Platelets

A

140-400,000 u/L

<50,000 can cause spontaneous bleeding

49
Q

Potassium (K)

A

3.5-5.2 mEq/L

Reciprocal relationship with Sodium. <2.5 causes V Fib. Use ECG when giving IV. Always infuse on a pump.

50
Q

Sodium (Na)

A

135-145 mEq/L

51
Q

Troponin I

A

<0.35 mcg/L

> 2 mcg/L indicates cardiac damage. Elevation detectable within 3 hours of MI

52
Q

Troponin T

A

<0.2 mcg/L

> 0.2 mcg indicate cardiac damage

53
Q

WBC

A

4.5-10.5 10^3 cells/mm^3

Increased count (leukocytosis) indicates infection. Decreased amount indicates bone marrow suppression

White Blood Cell

54
Q

WBC

Bands

A

3-5%

The presence of many band cells (left shift) indicates infection

55
Q

WBC

 Neutrophils (segs)
A

55-70%

56
Q

WBC

 Lymphocytes
A

20-40%

57
Q

WBC

 Eosinophils
A

1-4%

58
Q

WBC

 Basophils
A

0.5-1%

59
Q

WBC

Monocytes

A

2-8%

60
Q

RBC

A
  1. 2-5.4 million/uL (male)
  2. 6-5 million/uL (female)

Low count indicates anemia or fluid overload

Red Blood Cells

61
Q

Uric Acid

A
  1. 4-7 mg/dL (male)
  2. 4-6 mg/dL (female)

Elevated in renal impairment and gout

Nursing Core Knowledge (4 decks)

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