Lab Values Flashcards
HbA1c
<5.7% normal
5.7-6.4% prediabetes
>6.5% Types 2 diabetes
Indicates overall glucose control for previous 120 days
Hematocrit
*altitude dependent Men: 42-50% Women: 37-47% Prego: >33 Relative volume of plasma to RBC
High: dehydration, high altitudes polycythemia
Low: volume excess, anemia, hemorrhage
Hemoglobin
*altitude dependent
Men: 14-18 g/dL
Women: 12-16 g/dL
High: COPD, high altitudes, polycythemia
Low: anemia, hemorrhage, slight decrease during pregnancy
Albumin
3.5-5.0 g/dL
High: dehydration
Low: inflammation, shock, malnutrition
arterial pH
7.35-7.45
High: alkalosis
Low: acidosis
Calcium (total)
9-10.5 mg/dL
High: acute osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D intoxication, multiple myeloma
Low: Acute pancreatitis, hypoparathyroidism, liver disease, malabsorption syndrome, renal failure, vitamin D deficiency
Chloride
96-106 mEq/L
High: Metabolic acidosis, respiratory
alkalosis, corticosteroid
therapy, uremia
Low: Addison’s disease, diarrhea,
metabolic alkalosis, respiratory
acidosis, vomiting
Cholesterol
<200 mg/dL
High: Biliary obstruction,
hypothyroidism, idiopathic
hypercholesterolemia, renal disease, uncontrolled diabetes
Low: Extensive liver disease,
hyperthyroidism, malnutrition,
corticosteroid therapy
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
Male: >45 mg/dL
Female: >55 mg/dL
Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
Recommended: <130 mg/dL
Moderate risk for CAD: 130-159 mg/dL
High risk for CAD: >160 mg/dL
Creatinine
Male: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Female: 0.5-1.0
High: severe renal disease
Glucose (fasting)
70-110 mg/dL
High: Acute stress, Cushing disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, pancreatic
insufficiency
Low: Addison’s disease, hepatic disease, hypothyroidism, insulin overdosage, pancreatic tumor, pituitary hypofunction
Magnesium
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
High: Addison’s disease,
hypothyroidism, renal failure
Low: Chronic alcoholism, severe
malabsorption
Phosphorus (phosphate)
2.4-4.4 mg/dL
High: Healing fractures, hypoparathyroidism, renal disease, vitamin D intoxication
Low: Diabetes mellitus, hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency
Potassium
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
High: Addison’s disease, diabetic
ketosis, massive tissue
destruction, renal failure
Low: Cushing syndrome, diarrhea (severe), diuretic therapy, gastrointestinal fistula, pyloric obstruction, starvation, vomiting
Sodium
135-145 mEq/L
High: Dehydration, impaired renal
function, primary
aldosteronism, corticosteroid
therapy
Low: Addison’s disease, diabetic ketoacidosis, diuretic therapy, excessive loss from GI tract, excessive perspiration, water intoxication
Testosterone
Male: 280-1100 ng/dL
Female: 15-70 ng/dL
Triglycerides
<150 mg/dL
High: diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, liver disease
Low: malnutrition
Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
12-20 mg/dL
High: impaired renal function, CHF, dehydration, shock, stress, excessive protein intake/catabolism
Low: fluid overload, malnutrition, severe liver disease, SIADH
Thrombocytes
Platelets
150,000-400,000/uL
High: Acute infections, chronic granulocytic
leukemia, chronic pancreatitis,
cirrhosis, collagen disorders,
polycythemia, postsplenectomy
Low: Acute leukemia, DIC,
thrombocytopenic
purpura
Leukocytes
WBC
4,000-11,000/uL
High: Acute leukemia, DIC,
thrombocytopenic
purpura, final month pregnancy/labor
Low: Aplastic anemia, side
effects of chemotherapy
and irradiation
Erythrocytes
RBC million/mm^3
*altitude dependent
Male: 4.7-6.1
Female: 4.2-5.4
High: Dehydration, high altitudes,
polycythemia vera
Low: Anemia, leukemia, posthemorrhage
urine chemistry
Specific Gravity
urine chemistry
Specific Gravity: 1.003-1.030
High: Albuminuria, dehydration,
glycosuria
Low: Diabetes insipidus
urine chemistry
pH Ketone Bodies Glucose Hemoglobin Bilirubin Protein (dipstick)
urine chemistry
NORMAL VALUES/RESULTS
pH: 4.0-8.0
H: Diabetes insipidus
L: resp or meta acidosis
Ketone Bodies: 20-50 mg/day
H: diabetes mellitus, starvation, dehydration
Glucose: negative
(+):diabetes mellitus, pituitary disorders
Hemoglobin: negative (+): Extensive burns, glomerulonephritis, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic transfusion reaction
Bilirubin: negative
(+): liver disorders
Protein (dipstick): 0-trace (+): Extensive burns, glomerulonephritis, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic transfusion reaction
Bilirubin
Total: 0.3-1
Indirect: 0.2-0.8
Direct: 0.1-0.3
Arterial Blood Gases: pH PCO2 PO2 HCO3 O2 sat
pH: 7.35-7.45 PCO2: 35-45 mm Hg PO2: 80-100 mm Hg HCO3: 22-26 mEq/L O2 Sat: 95-100%
Blood Pressure
<120/80
Temperature
Oral: 97-99.6 (36.4-37.6 C)
Avg: 98.6 (37 C)
Fever: 100.4 (38 C) and up
Neutrophil Count
2200-7700
<500=severe neutropenia
INR (no anti platelet therapy)
0.75-1.25
INR (with anti platelet therapy)
2.0-3.0
Digoxin
0.5-2 ng/mL
> 2.0 critical
PT
11-16 seconds
aPTT (same as PTT)
20-36 seconds
Lithium
0.6-1.2 mEq/L
Ammonia
15-45 mcg/dL
ALT-SGPT
4-36 U/L
ALT-SGOT
0-35 U/L
Total Protein
6.4-8.3 g/dL
ESR
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Men: 0-10 mm/hr
Women: 0-20 mm/hr
Blood uric acid levels
Male: 4.0-7.0 mg/dL
Female: 2.5-6.0 mg/dL
High in gout, uric acid calculi, and tumor lysis syndrome
Pulmonary artery wedge pressure
PAWP
6-12 mmHg
Left atrial pressure estimate
Mean arterial pressure
MAP
70-110 mmHg
60=Minimum for organ perfusion
SBP + 2(DBP)/3
BP=83/50
83+2(50)/3=61
BNP
brain (b-type) natriuretic peptide
<100 pg/mL
*released in response to ventricular stretch and wall tension when cardiac filling pressures elevated
Ankle-brachial pressure index
Ratio of BP at ankle to the BP in upper arm.
- 9-1.3
- 41-0.90 = mild/moderate PAD
<0.4=severe PAD
