Lab Values

Question 1

Calcium normal value

Answer 1

8.4-10.2

Cal 84-102 yo man

Question 2

Sodium normal value

Answer 2

135-145

Nadal 135-145 lbs

Question 3

Potassium normal value

Answer 3

3.5-5.0

Kay 3.5-5.0 foot tall woman

Question 4

Chloride normal value

Answer 4

96-108

Clyde 96-108 yo man

Question 5

BUN normal value

Answer 5

7-20

Question 6

Glucose normal value

Answer 6

70-115

Question 7

Serum albumin normal value

Answer 7

3.5-6.0

Not 356 days in a year

Question 8

Creatinine normal value

Answer 8

0.7-1.4

Question 9

Magnesium normal value

Answer 9

1.3-2.3

Question 10

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 10

• result of alveolar hyperventilation
• increase in the elimination of co2
• resp alk: low PaCO2 due to alveolar hypertension

Question 11

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 11

• excess of HCO3 & decrease in H+ ions

- Met alk: high pH & high plasma bicarbonate

Question 12

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 12

• deficit of bicarbonate in ECF

- met acid: low pH & low plasma bicarbonate

Question 13

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 13

-excess of carbonic acid in ECF

Question 14

Hyperkalemia

Answer 14

> 50 mEq/L

• causes: renal failure, burns, crush injuries
• s/s: ekg changed, peaked T waves, wide QRS, dysrhythmias, vent fib, heart block, cardiac arrest

Question 15

Hypercalcemia

Answer 15

> 10.2 mg/dL

• causes: malignant neoplastic diseases, hyperparathyroidism, immobility
• s/s: lack of coordination, nausea, vomiting, decreased LOC, dysrhythmias, heart block, cardiac arrest
• management: IV 0.45%-0.9% NaCl, calcitonin

Question 16

Hypokalemia

Answer 16

<3.5 mEq/L

• causes: vomiting, gastric suction, diuretics
• s/s: nausea, vomiting, weak peripheral pulses, muscle weakness, paresthesias, vent dysrhythmias, shallow respirations
• management: raisins, bananas, beans, apricots

Question 17

Hyponatremia

Answer 17

<135 mE/L

• causes: diuretics, wound drainage, burns, SIADH
• s/s: muscle cramps, confusion, muscular twitching, coma, seizures
• management: IV lactated ringers or high conc NaCl (0.9%)

Question 18

Hypernatremia

Answer 18

> 145 mEq/L

• causes : diabetes insipidus, inadequate water ingestion
• s/s: elevated temp, irritability and restlessness, dry swollen tongue, sticky mucous membranes, tachycardia
• management: IV of hypotonic solution (0.3% NaCl or 0.45% NaCl

Question 19

Hypocalcemia

Answer 19

<8.4 mg/dL

• causes: hypoparathyroidism, pancreatitis, steroids and loop diuretics
• s/s: nervous system increasingly excitable, trousseau’s sign, chvostek’s sign
• management: calcium gluconate PO or CaCl

Question 20

Hypomagnesemia

Answer 20

<1.3 mEq/L

• causes: alcoholism, GI suction, diarrhea, poorly controlled DM
• s/s: increased neuromuscular irritability, tremors, tetany, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
• management: nuts, bananas, oranges, PB

Question 21

Hypermagnesemia

Answer 21

> 2.3mEq/L

• causes: renal failure
• s/s: depresses CNS, depresses cardiac impulse transmission, cardiac arrest, absent deep tendon reflexes, paralysis, shallow respiration’s

Question 22

Sodium

Answer 22

Pf: osmotic pressure, nerve irritability, acid-base balance
Ps: table salt
Ds: fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Question 23

Calcium

Answer 23

Pf: bone formation, thrombus formation, muscle contraction
Ps: milk products, green leafy veggies
Ds: rickets, porous bones, tetany

Question 24

Phosphorous

Answer 24

Pf: bone formation, cell permeability
Ps: milk, eggs, nuts
Ds: rickets

Question 25

Iodine

Answer 25

Pf: thyroid hormone synthesis
Ps: seafood, iodized salt
Ds: goiter

Question 26

Potassium

Answer 26

Pf: water balance in cells, protein synthesis, heart contractility
Ps: grains, meats, vegetables
Ds: dysrhythmias, fluid and electrolyte imbalances

Question 27

Iron

Answer 27

Pf: hemoglobin synthesis
Ps: liver, oysters, leafy veggies, apricots
Ds: anémica, lethargy