Lab Values

Question 1

WBC

Answer 1

4-10.5 x 10 9/L

Question 2

Hgb

Answer 2

136-170 g/L

Carries O2 through the body

Question 3

Hct

Answer 3

.40-.52 L/L M
.35-.45 L/L F

Increase in over hydration
Decrease in dehydration

Question 4

Neutrophil

Answer 4

2-6 x 10 9/L
Increase in bacterial (pyrogenic infection) that form pus
Neutrophils digest bacteria

Question 5

Na

Answer 5

135-145 mmol/L
Hypernatremia (increased Na) dehydration, gi losses, excessive sweating
Hyponatremia (decreased Na): congestive heart failure d/decreased in urinary exertion, cushing syndrome, Iow sodium intake

Question 6

K

Note changes in k+ happen faster than in Na

Answer 6

3.5-5.0 mmol/L
Hyperkalemia (increased K+) high k intake, renal failure, k+ sparing diuretics
Infection
Hypokalemia (decreased k+) low k intake, GI losses, diuretics that are not K sparing

Question 7

PT-INR

Answer 7

0.9-1.1 seconds 
Looks at clotting cascade/blood clotting
Used to monitor warfarin blood thinner. 
Want range brown 2-3.5
More than 3.5=excessive bleeding
Antidote is vit k

Question 8

PTT

Answer 8

23-32 seconds looks at clotting cascade/blood clotting
Used to monitor heparin
35-80 or 50-70 therapeutic range?

Question 9

eGFR

Answer 9

> 60ml/min

Worry when low=heart failure or blockage.

Question 10

Creatine

Answer 10

60-100 umol/L
Measured with urea (bun)
Decrease =renal failure

Question 11

Glucose

Answer 11

3.9-11.0 mmol/L

Question 12

Lymphocytes

Answer 12

B and T cells
Increase in viral infection
Decreases in septic pt and leukemia

Question 13

Monocytes

Answer 13

Increase in severe infection/viral infections and chronic inflammation condition ie. Chrons,rheum arthritis

Decrease in prednisone use

Question 14

Eosinophils

Answer 14

Increase in allergic reaction and parasitic infections

Decrease in adenosine steroid production

Question 15

Basophils

Answer 15

Contain histamines Increase in parasitic infections and some allergies and leukemia
Decrease in allergic response

Question 16

“Shift to the left”

Answer 16

Term for decreased neutrophils d/t chemotherapy

Question 17

Platelets

Answer 17

150-400 x 10 9/L
Needed for clot formation
Lifespan 5-9 days
Source of growth and tissue repair
Destroyed by liver and spleen
Any renal disease will affect platelet production because Produced and regulated by erythropoietin (in kidneys)

Question 18

BUN (blood urea nitrogen)

Answer 18

Normal blood contains 3-7.5 mmol/L or urea
Increased =renal failure and dehydration
Most often measured with creatine levels
Measure renal fx and liver fx

Question 19

RBC

Answer 19

4.5-5.9 x10 12/L
Lifespan 120 days
Produced in bone marrow
Destroyed by spleen and liver
Produced and regulated by erythropoietin which comes form kidneys

Question 20

Glucose

Answer 20

3.9-11.0 mmol/L

Question 21

Glucose

Answer 21

3.9-11.0 mmol/L