Lab Values

Question 1

Normal Sodium range

Answer 1

136-145 mEq/L

Question 2

Normal Potassium range

Answer 2

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Question 3

Normal Chloride range

Answer 3

90-110 mEq/L

interpreted with the other electrolytes to investigate acid-base balance and proper balance of body fluids.

Question 4

Normal CO2 range

Answer 4

23-29 mEq/L

most of the CO2 (in serum) is in the form of bicarbonate (HCO3-). Therefore, the CO2 blood test is really a measure of the blood bicarbonate level.

Question 5

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 5

10-20 mg/dL

Question 6

Creatinine

Answer 6

Male – 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Female – 0.5-1.1 mg/dL

-chemical waste product produced by muscle metabolism

Kidneys filter creatinine from blood.

Question 7

Glucose

Answer 7

70-100 mg/dL

Question 8

White Blood Cells (WBC)

Answer 8

4,300-10,800 cells/mL

The number of leukocytes in a volume of blood.

Question 9

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Answer 9

Men–> 13-18 g/dL

Women–> 12-16 g/dL

Question 10

Hematocrit (Hct)

Answer 10

Men–> 45 - 52%

Women–> 37 - 48%

Question 11

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

Answer 11

86 - 98 femtoliters

average volume of a red cell

Femtoliter–> 10^-15

Question 12

Platelet Count (Plt)

Answer 12

150,000 - 400,000/ mL

Platelets–> fragments of cytoplasm from megakaryocytes (found in bone marrow)

Question 13

CBC w/ Diff

Answer 13

Complete Blood Count with Differential

Automated white cell differential: A machine generated percentage of the different types of white blood cells, usually split into neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.

Question 14

Neutrophils

Answer 14

45-74 %

Function: destroy and ingest bacteria. First at the site of inflammation; therefore their numbers will increase greatly immediately after an injury or during the inflammatory process.

Question 15

Lymphocytes

Answer 15

16-45 %

Function: fight viral infections; B cells and T cells are two major types. Lymphocytes have a key role in the formation of immunoglobins (humoral immunity) and also provide cellular immunity

Question 16

Monocytes

Answer 16

2-10 %

Function: arrive at the site of injury in about five hours.

phagocytic cells that remove foreign materials such as injured and dead cells, microorganisms and other particles from the site of injury, particularly during viral or bacterial infections.

Question 17

Eosinophils

Answer 17

0-7 %

Function: found in such areas as skin and the airway in addition to the bloodstream. They increase in number during allergic and inflammatory reactions and parasite infections.

Question 18

Basophils

Answer 18

0-2 %

Function: Called basophils when found in the blood, these cells are also known as “mast” cells when found in the tissues. Tissue basophils are found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts and the skin. They contain heparin and histamine and are believed to be involved in allergic and stress situations. Basophils may contribute to preventing clotting in microcirculation.

Question 19

Prothrombin Time (PT)

Answer 19

11-15 seconds

measures the extrinsic pathway to assess the clotting ability of blood.

also known as the pro time or PT test.

Question 20

International Normalized Ratio (INR)

Answer 20

1.0-1.5 (no units b/c this is a ratio).

results of blood coagulation (clotting) tests.

allows for standardization of the value no matter where the test is done.

Question 21

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

Answer 21

30-50 seconds

measures the efficacy of both the “intrinsic” and the common coagulation pathways.

also used to monitor the treatment effects with heparin.