Lab Values Flashcards

Question

Complications of surgery- Atelectasis and pneumonia

Answer 1

Dsypnea, cyanosis, cough, tracycardia, elevated temperature, pain on affected side Experienced second day postop, suctioning, postural drainage, antibiotics, cough and turn.

Answer 2

Positive Homan's sign Experienced 6-14 days up to 1 year later, anticoagulant therapy

Answer 3

Dyspnea, pain, hemopytsis, restlessness, ABG-low O2, high CO2 Experienced second day postop, oxygen, anticoagulants (heparin), IV fluids.

Answer 4

Absent bowel sounds, no flatus or stool Nasogastric suction, IV fluids, Decompression tubes

Answer 5

Elevated WBC and temperature, Positive cultures Experienced 3-5 days postop, antibiotics, aseptic technique, good nutrition

Answer 6

Disruption of surgical incision or wound Experienced 5-6 days postop, low flowler's position, no coughing, NPO, notify physician

Answer 7

Protrusion of wound contents Experienced 5-6 days postop, low fowler's position, no coughing, NPO, cover viscera with sterile saline dressing or wax paper (if at home), notify physician

Answer 8

Unable to void after surgery, bladder distension Experienced 8-12 hours postop catheterize as needed.

Answer 9

Foul smelling urine, Elevated WBC Experienced 5-8 days postop, antibiotics, force fluids

Answer 10

Inappropriate affect Therapeutic communication, medicaion

Answer 11

Symptoms: thirst (early signs), temperature increases, rapid and weak pulse, respirations increase, poor skin turgor-skin cool, moist, hypotension, emaciation, weight loss, dry eye sockets, mouth and mucous membranes, anxiety, aprehension, exhaustion, decreased urine output, increased hemoglobin, hematocrit, headache, confusion, weight loss. Urine specific gravity > 1.030 Plan: florce fluids, provide isotonic IV fluids; lactated ringer's or 0.9% NaCl, I and O hourly, daily weights, vital signs, check skin turgor, assess urine specific gravity.

Answer 12

Symptoms: No change in temperature, pulse increases slightly and is bounding, respirations increase, SOB, dyspnea, rales, peripheral edema- bloated, weight gain, hypertension, jugular vein distention, apprehension, increased venous pressure, decreased hematocrit BUN, hemoglobn. Urine specific gravity s position of dyspneic.

Answer 13

Assessment: Excessive urine output, chronic, severe dehydration, excessive thirst, anorexia, weight loss, weakness, constipation Plan: record intake and output, monitor urine specific gravity, skin condition, weight, blood pressure, pulse, temperature *Administer Pitressin*

Answer 14

Assessment: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, headaches, change in level of consciousness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, tachycardia, increased circulating blood volume, decreased urinary output. Plan: Restrict water intake (500-600 mL/24h), administer diuretics to promote excretion of water, hypertonic saline (3% NaCl) IV, administer demeclocycline (Declomycin), weigh daily, I and O, monitor serum Na levels and assess LOC.

Answer 15

<3.5 Assessment: anorexia, nausea, and vomiting, muscle weakness, paresthesias, Dysrhythmias, increased sensitivity to digitalis. Causes: vomiting, gastric suction, diarrhea, diuretics and steroids, inadequate intake. Plan: Administration of oral potassium supplements- dilute in juice to avoid gastric irritation, increase dietary intake- raisins, bananas, apricots, oranges, beans, potatoes, carrots, celery IV supplements- 40 mEq/L usual concentraion; cannot give concentration greater than 40 into peripheral IV or without cardiac monitor *increase risk of digoxin toxicity, protect from injury, assess renal function prior to administration.

Answer 16

>5.0 Assessment: EKG changes, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, Muscle weakness, paralysis, nausea, diarrhea Causes: renal failure, use of potassium supplements, burns, crushing injuries Plan: Restrict dietary potassium and potassium containing medications, Kayexalate-cation exhange resin (casuses diarrhea taking the extra K with it), rectally give in conjunction with sorbitol to avoid fecal impaction. In emergency siuation, calcium gluconate given IV, sodium bicarbonate given IV, regular insulin and dextrose, IV administration of regular insulin and dextrolse shifts potassium into the cells, peritoneal or hemodialysis, diuretics.

Answer 17

s or 0.9% NaCl, water restriction, I and O, daily weight.

Answer 18

>145 Assessment: Elevated temperature, weakness, disorientation, delusion and hallucinations, thrist, dry swollen tongue, sticky mucous membranes, hypotension, tachycardia Causes: Hypertonic tube feedings without water supplements, diarrhea, hyperventilation, diabetes insipidus, ingestion of OTC drugs such as alka-seltzer, inhaling large amounts of salt water (near drowning), inadequate water ingestion Plan: IV administration of hypotonic solution- 0.3% NaCl or 0.45% NaCl; 5% dextrose in water offer fluids at regular intervals, decrease sodium in diet, daily weight.