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Lab Values Flashcards

1
Q

What values do you get with a CBC?

A

RBC, WBC, Hgb (hemoglobin), Hct (hematocrit), Platelets

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2
Q

Normal RBC range (male and female)

A

Male: 4.7-6.1
Female: 4.2-5.4

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3
Q

Normal WBC range

A

5,000-10,000/MM

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4
Q

Causes of increased WBC (leukocytosis)

A

Acute Infection

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5
Q

Causes of decreased WBC (leukopenia)

A

Hematopoietic diseases, i.e., anemia (aplastic and pernicious) and chemotherapy

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6
Q

Normal Hgb range (male and female)

A

Male: 14-18 g/dL
Female: 12-16 g/dL

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7
Q

Causes of elevated Hgb

A

high altitudes, COPD, CHF, and severe burns

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8
Q

Causes of low Hgb

A

anemia, cancer, kidney disease, excessive IV fluids

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9
Q

Normal hematocrit range

A

Male: 42%-52%
Female: 37%-47%

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10
Q

Causes of high Hct

A

dehydration

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11
Q

Causes of low Hct

A

acute blood loss, anemia, and some cancers

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12
Q

Normal platelet range

A

150,000-450,000

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13
Q

Values on a BMP (basic metabolic panel)

A

Sodium, potassium, Bicarbonate, chloride, BUN, Creatinine, Calcium, glucose

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14
Q

Values on CMP (complete metabolic panel)

A

everything on BMP + ALP, AST, ALT, Bilirubin, Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin

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15
Q

What does the calcium value tell us?

A

Helps give an indication of acid-base balance and hydration status

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16
Q

Normal Values for Calcium

A

98-106 mEq/L

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17
Q

Critical Values for calcium

A

<80 or >115 mEq/L

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18
Q

Signs of increased levels of Calcium

A

weakness, lethargy, and deep, rapid, vigorous breathing

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19
Q

Signs of decreased levels of Calcium

A

twitching, tremors, and slow shallow breathing

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20
Q

What does the BUN value tell us?

A

Measures amount of urea nitrogen in blood, Used to detect renal disorder or dehydration

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21
Q

Normal BUN lab value

A

10-20 mg/dL

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22
Q

Signs of increased BUN value

A

Impaired renal function, dehydration, GI Bleed, and shock

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23
Q

Signs of decreased BUN value

A

Overhydration

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24
Q

What does the creatinine value tell us?

A

Useful in evaluating any type of renal dysfunction, considered more specific than BUN

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25
Normal creatinine range (male)
18-41 years: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL 41-61 years: 0.6-1.3 mg/dL 61+ years: 0.7-1.3 mg/dL
26
Normal creatinine range (female)
18-41 years: 0.5-1.0 mg/dL 41-61 years: 0.5-1.1 mg/dL 61+ years: 0.5-1.2 mg/dL
27
Signs of increased creatinine levels
Damage to large number of nephrons
28
Signs of decreased creatinine levels
Atrophy of muscle tissue
29
Normal glucose range
Fasting: 70-120 mg/dL Casual: < or = 200 mg/dL
30
What is are the value ranges for cholesterol?
Normal: <200 mg/dL Borderline High: 200-239 mg/dL High: >240 mg/dL
31
Risk Factors of elevated Cholesterol
Unhealthy lifestyle, genes, some medical conditions, some medications, age, race or ethnicity, sex
32
What does Prothrombin Time (PT) Plasma lab value determine
clotting ability major use: monitor oral anticoagulant therapy
33
Normal PT range
10-13 sec
34
What does International Normalized Ratio (INR) value determine
Measures time for blood to clot
35
Normal INR Range
greater than/ equal to 1.1
36
Therapeutic range of INR
2-3
37
Purpose if Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) Plasma lab value
screen for clotting factor deficiencies and to monitor IV heparin therapy
38
Normal PTT range
25 - 35 seconds
39
Normal potassium range
3.5 - 5.1mEq/L
40
Normal Sodium range
135 - 145 mEq/L
41
Normal calcium range
8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL
42
Normal magnesium range
1.8 - 2.1 mg/dL
43
Hyponatremia
Sodium levels less than 135 mEq/L
44
Hypernatremia
Sodium levels greater than 145 mEq/L
45
S/S of Hyponatremia
rapid thready pulse, irritability, headache, confusion, muscle twitching,
46
S/S of Hypernatremia
thirst, dry, red swollen tongue, agitation, restlessness, seizures
47
Sodium critical values
<120 or >160 mEq/L
48
Hypokalemia
Potassium level less than 3.5 mEq/L
49
Hyperkalemia
Potassium levels greater than 5 mEq/L
50
S/S of Hypokalemia
weak, irregular pulse, muscle cramping, PVCs, ST depression, N/V, fatigue, decreased reflexes.
51
S/S of Hyperkalemia
irregular pulse, anxiety, muscle weakness, abdominal cramps, EKG changes
52
Hypocalcmia
Levels less than 9 mg/dL
53
hypercalcemia
Levels greater than 10.5 mg/dL
54
Risk factors for hypocalcemia
Chronic diarrhea, laxative abuse, Crohn’s disease (from malabsorption), alkalosis.
55
Risk factors for hypercalcemia
long-term glucocorticoid use, Paget’s disease, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, and bone cancer
56
S/S of hypocalcemia
Numbness, tingling (around lips and fingers), positive Chvostek’s sign, positive Trousseau’s sign, muscle cramps, weak, thready pulse
57
S/S of hypercalcemia
excessive thirst, bone pain, increased blood clot risk, N/V, constipation, AMS, fatigue, frequent urination
58
Hypomagnesemia
Levels less than 1.3 mEq/L
59
Hypermagnesemia
Levels greater than 2.1 mEq/L
60
Risk factors of Hypomagnesemia
GI losses, thiazide or loop diuretics, usually associated with hypocalcemia, malnutrition, alcohol use disorder, and laxative abuse
61
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Impairment of kidney and adrenal function, increased intake of medications that contain magnesium
62
S/S of Hypomagnesemia
Hyperactive DTRs, positive Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s signs, seizures, N/V, paralytic ileus, dysrhythmias, PVCs, and HTN
63
S/S of Hypermagnesemia
diminished DTRs, decreased respiratory rate with shallow respirations, blurred vision, hypotension, bradycardia, ECG changes, dysrhythmias

Lab Values (1 decks)

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