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Nursing- Foundations > Lab Values > Flashcards

Lab Values Flashcards

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1
Q

Components of Blood

A

Plasma- 55%
Platelets and WBCs- 1%
RBCs- 44%

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2
Q

What is in plasma?

A

-90% water
-Ions
-Proteins
-Dissolves gases
-Nutrient molecules
-Waste

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3
Q

What is in a CBC?

A

WBCs, RBCs, Hgb, Hct, Platelets

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4
Q

White Blood Cells (WBC)

A

Normal: 4,000 - 10,000

-High: indicate infection
-Low: immunosuppression

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5
Q

Red Blood Cells (RBC)

A

Normal:
-males (4.7-6.1)
-females (4.2-5.4)

-High: polycythemia vera, high altitudes, after prolonged exercise
-Low: blood loss, iron or B12 deficiency, kidney injury or disease, cancer, bone marrow suppression

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6
Q

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

A

Normal:
-males (14-18)
-females (12-16)

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7
Q

Hematocrit (Hct)

A

Normal:
-males (42-52%)
-females (37-47%)

-Percentage of whole blood that’s made up of RBCs

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8
Q

Platelets

A

Normal: 150,000 - 400,000

-High: chronic leukemia, post-splenectomy, chronic inflammation or infection (WATCH FOR CLOTTING!)

-Low: acute leukemia, drug-induced (WATCH FOR BLEEDING!)

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9
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) includes:

A

BUN, Creatinine, Glucose, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, carbon dioxide

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10
Q

BUN

A

Normal: 6-22

-High: kidney damage
-Low: liver damage or starvation/protein deficit

-Measures urea, the breakdown of proteins, ammonia, and AA

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11
Q

Creatinine

A

Normal: 0.5-1.5

-High: best indicator for kidney dysfunction or rapid muscle metabolism
-Low: decreased muscle mass

-byproduct of muscle metabolism

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12
Q

Glucose

A

Normal: 60-115

-High: diabetes, stress, infection, steroid use
(can cause acidosis and potassium to shift out of cells)
-Low: insulin OD, strenuous exercise, decreased sugar intake, poor PO intake

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13
Q

Carbon Dioxide

A

Normal: 23-32

-Can indicate a metabolic issue without having to draw an ABG

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14
Q

Sodium Normal Limits

A

135-145

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15
Q

Chloride Normal Limits

A

100-110

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16
Q

Potassium Normal Limits

A

3.5-5

17
Q

Calcium Normal levels

A

9-11

18
Q

Magnesium Normal Levels

A

1.5-2

19
Q

Sodium Functions and Abnormalities

A

-Functions to maintain fluid balance

-High:
*causes- dehydration and water deprivation (both a concentration issue), increased sodium consumption
*symptoms- increased thirst, decreased LOC, confusion, seizures

-Low:
*causes- hypovolemia, SIADH, Addisons, fluid overload
*symptoms- confusion, HA, N/V, weakness, cerebral edema, can lead to seizures and coma when severe

20
Q

Chloride Functions and Abnormalities

A

-Aid in maintaining water and acid-base balances

-High:
*causes- dehydration, excess NS use, kidney dysfunction
*symptoms- lethargy, weakness, deep breathing

-Low:
*causes- overhydration, CHF, Addisons, diuretics
*symptoms- hyperexcitability, shallow breathing, decreased BP

21
Q

Potassium Function and Abnormalities

A

-Functions to support the transmission of electrical impulses to nerves and muscles

-High:
*causes- kidney disease, dehydration, diabetes, medications, trauma and burns, acidosis
*symptoms- N/V, muscle aches, decreased deep tendon reflexes, paralysis, dysrhythmias, critical high can cause heart failure

-Low:
*causes- medications, GI loss, metabolic alkalosis, alcoholism
*symptoms- muscle weakness, cardiac dysrhythmias, constipation, fatigue, muscle twitching or tetany

22
Q

Calcium Function and Abnormalities

A

-Functions to strengthen bone, contract muscles, nerve transmission, clotting of blood, hormone secretion, and normal heart function

-High:
*causes- cancer, hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D toxicity, renal failure
*symptoms- abdominal MOANS, painful BONES, kidney STONES, GROANS (lethargy), neurological OVERTONES

-Low:
*causes- medications that decrease absorption, low vitamin D, hypoparathyroidism, renal disease, low albumin
*symptoms- muscle cramping, Chvostek and Trousseaus Sign, psychosis and seizures, brittle hair/skin/nails

23
Q

Magnesium Function and Abnormalities

A

-Like calcium, assists to regulate nerve and muscle function

-High:
*causes- kidney disease, medications, trauma, acidotic states, hypothyroidism
*symptoms- nausea, dizziness, weakness, confusion, decreased LOC, decreasing reflexes, flushing, constipation

-Low:
*causes- medications, decreased intake or absorption, alcoholism, low potassium, low calcium
*symptoms- N/V, decreased appetite, fatigue, weakness, muscle cramps and spasticity, numbness and tingling

24
Q

Proper Order for Blood Draws

A

“Studious Boys Rarely Get Poor Grades”

-sterile/white
-Blue
-Red/Gold
-Green
-Purple/Pink
-Grey

Nursing- Foundations (1 decks)

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