LAB VALUES

Question 1

sodium

Answer 1

135-145 meq/l

Question 2

potassium

Answer 2

3.5-5.0 meq/l

Question 3

chloride

Answer 3

95-105 meq/l

Question 4

BUN

Answer 4

10-20

the amount of urea nitrogen in your blood, which is a waste product created when your body breaks down protein. A BUN test helps determine how well your kidneys are working:

Question 5

creatinine

Answer 5

0.5-1.2 mg/dl

to assess how well your kidneys are filtering waste from your blood.

Question 6

carbon dioxide in meq/L

Answer 6

20-29

remember: 35-45 mmHg paCO2

Question 7

magnesium

Answer 7

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

Question 8

Normal hemoglobin male

Answer 8

13-18 g/dL

Question 9

Normal hemoglobin female

Answer 9

12-16 mg/dL

Question 10

What level of hemoglobin are you limited to only performing essential activities of daily living?

Answer 10

<8 g/dL

Question 11

hematocrit values and restrictions (males vs females)

Answer 11

female: 36-46%
male: 37-49%

<25%- essential ADLS, assistance as needed for safety
25-35%- essential ADLs, assistance as needed for safety, light aerobics and weights (1-2 lbs)
>35% ambulation and self care as tolerated, can perform resistance and aerobic exercise

Question 12

Normal fasting blood glucose

Answer 12

60-99 mg/dl

Question 13

hypoglycemia (FBG)

Answer 13

<70 mg/dl fasting blood glucose

Question 14

impaired glucose tolerance (insulin resistance) - FBG

Answer 14

100-125 mg/dl

Question 15

Diabetes mellitus FBG:

Answer 15

> 126 MG/DL

Question 16

Red flag glucose values at start of exercise:

Answer 16

<70 mg/dl or >250 mg/dl

> 300-350 mg/dl = risk of ketoacidosis

Question 17

Normal and abnormal glycosylated A1c:

Answer 17

normal: 4-6%
abnormal: >7 %
require immediate insulin therapy: > 10%

Question 18

normal paco2, po2, hco3, ph, o2 saturation

Answer 18

ph: 7.35-7.45
paco2: 35-45 mmHg
hco3: 22-26 mEq/L
po2: 60-100 mmHg
o2 sat: keep above 90% with activity

Question 19

Normal and abnormal platelet count

Answer 19

normal: 150,000-450,000
-may drop when spleen is enlarged due to portal hypertension

<10k or temperature > 100.5 F, no therapeutic exercise, hold activity
10k-20k: ther ex or bike without resistance
>20k ther ex/bike with or without resistance

Question 20

Normal and abnormal WBC count

Answer 20

4,500 to 11,000 white blood cells per microliter of blood

<5000 with fever: no exercise permitted
>5000: light exercise permitted with progression to resistive exercise

Question 21

Normal PT

Answer 21

normal PT: 12-15 seconds
prolonged with liver damage
doubled for ppl takin ganticoagulants

Question 22

Normal INR (warfarin)

Answer 22

normal: 0.9-1.1

on anticoagulants:
>2.5 guard against falls
>3.0 risk for hemarthrosis (bleeding into joint)
> 4.0 increase in exercise routine may be contraindicated or modified; discuss with physician
> 6.0 bed rest till corrected

Question 23

serum bilirubin

Answer 23

direct: 0.1-0.3 mg/dL
indirect: 0.2-0.8 mg/dL
total: 0.3-1.0 mg/dL

“Indirect bilirubin” refers to unconjugated bilirubin, which is the form of bilirubin produced when red blood cells break down and travels in the blood to the liver before being processed, while “direct bilirubin” refers to conjugated bilirubin, the form of bilirubin that has been processed by the liver and is ready to be excreted from the body in bile

Question 24

normal urine bilirubin

Answer 24

0
-should be none in the urine of a healthy person

Question 25

normal serum cholesterol

Answer 25

150-250 mg/dL

increased with bile duct obstruction
reduced with liver damage

when the liver is damaged, its ability to properly regulate cholesterol levels is impaired, leading to reduced cholesterol production and decreased clearance of excess cholesterol from the bloodstream.

Question 26

total protein (albumin and globulin in blood)

Answer 26

6-8 g/dL

reduced with liver damage

Question 27

serum albumin normal

Answer 27

3.5-4.8 g/dL

reduced in liver damage

decreases with age

a potential decline in liver function (where albumin is produced), increased inflammation associated with aging, and a higher prevalence of chronic diseases in older individuals which can further impact albumin synthesis,

Question 28

Mneumonic for lab values

Answer 28

Little maggie is 1.5-2.5 years old (magnesium), she ate 3.5- 5 bananas (K), and drank 9-11 oz of milk (ca). She had a 135-145 minute nap after swimming in the ocean (Na).