Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paramedic--> FPC > Lab Values > Flashcards

Lab Values Flashcards

CCT/ICU Lab Values

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NREMT® Paramedic flashcards NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

What are the Normal ABG Values?

A

pH: 7.35-7.45
CO2: 35-45
HCO3: 22-26
PaO2: 65-100
SPO2: 94-100%
BE: 2 +/- 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Critical ABGs Value?

What does this mean?

A

pH < 7.2
pCO2 > 55
pO2 < 60

Critical ABG’s that require Intubation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sodium (Na+)

A

Normal Range: 135 - 145 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Sodium (Na+) < 135 mEq/L

Signs and symptoms: behavioral problems, muscle twitching, and cardiac abnormalities

Treatment: Corrected slowly to avoid neurological problems- with isotonic fluid NS/LR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Potassium (K+)

A

Normal Range: 3.5 – 5.0 mEq/L

MOST DANGEROUS ABNORMALITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Potassium (K+) > 5.0 mEq/L

Signs and symptoms: abdominal cramps, nausea, hypotension, bradycardia, numbness (especially in the legs)

Treatment:
Push K+ into the cells: CaCl /Ca Gluconate, Insulin, D10/50, high dose Albuterol.

Remove K+: Lasix, Kayexalate

K+ will change about 0.6 mEq/L for every 0.1 change in pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Potassium (K+)< 3.5 mEq/L

Signs and symptoms: malaise, weakness, history of poor dietary intake.ECG shows Depressed,Inverted, or Flattened T
Waves

Treatment:Oral potassium 60 mEq,
10 mEq IV potassium NEVER give as a bolus (could be fatal IV Potassium is used in lethal injections)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chloride (Cl-)

A

96-106 mEq/L

Extracellular anion
Tends to shift with Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Carbon Dioxide (Total CO2)

A

22-26 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A

8-23 mg/dL

Helps provide a picture of Renal (kidney) clearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Creatinine (Cr)

A

0.7 to 1.4 mg/dL
Helps provide a picture of renal clearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

BUN/Creatinine Ratio

What does High/Low value mean?

A

The normal BUN/Creatinine ratio range is 5 – 20 mg/dL.

A High ratio indicates dehydration, Hyperthyroidism, and Kidney disease

A low ratio indicates-Sickle cell anemia, Rhabdomyolysis, Hypothyroidism, Kidney damage, and kidney failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Glucose (Glu)

A

70-110 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What Labs are in Chem 7 (BMP)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Magnesium

A

1.7 to 2.2 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

Mg > 2.3 mg/dl

Hypermagnesemia is an uncommon problem in the absence of magnesium admission.

Signs and symptoms: Nausea, flushing, headache, lethargy, drowsiness, and diminished deep tendon reflexes, muscle paralysis leading to flaccid quadriplegia, apnea, and respiratory failure, complete heart block

Treatments - Intravenous calcium and Dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hypomagnesemia

A

Mg > 1.7 mg/dl

Signs and symptoms: tetany, arrhythmias, or seizures

History-alcoholics, pregnant or up to 3 mth after birth

Treatment: Receive intravenous (IV) magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Total Calcium (Ca++ TOT)

A

8.5 - 10.2 mg/dL
The most essential electrolyte in the body

Found in 3 states:
47% Free: dispersed in body fluids
43% bound: bound to proteins, mainly albumin
10% chelated: bound to molecules (citrate, lactate,phosphate, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ionized Calcium (iCa)

A

4.5 – 5.6 mg/dL

Determines total body calcium to free calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Ca++ TOT < 8.5 mg/dl or iCa < 4.4

Blood transfusions,Sepsis, Low levels of Albumin

Signs and symptoms: Anxiety, confusion, delirium, Hyperactive Deep Tendon Reflexes
Prolonged QT interval on EKG, narrow QRS, possible U wave

Treatment IV 3g of Ca gluconate or IV 1g of CaCl2

Chvostek’s Sign- Cheek muscle spasms when the facial nerve (CN VII) tapped(just in front of the ear). “Chvostek’s = Cheek.”

Trousseau’s Sign-Forearm tetany when blood pressure cuff is inflated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

CaTOT++> 10.2 mg/dl

Tumor on the parathyroid (Hyperparathyroidism)Tuberculosis Thiazide diuretics Kidney transplant

Signs and symptoms: AMS, decreased reflexes

Treatment: Magnesium sulfate 2g over 10min

22
Q

What values are in a Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A
23
Q

Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

A

5 million (avg)

Values vary based on gender

24
Q

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

A

15 g/dL (avg)

O2 binding protein

Values vary based on gender

25
Q

Hematocrit (Hct)

A

45 %

Percentage of blood that is formed elements (cells) within plasma

26
Q

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

A

4500/µL – 11,000/µL

Body’s Immune defense system

27
Q

Platelets (Plt)

A

150K/µL – 400K/µL

Aid in clotting

28
Q

Albumin

A

3.5-5.0 g/dL

Produced by the liver Decreased production is seen in patients with liver damage

29
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

Mg <2.2 mg/dL

Hypermagnesemia is an uncommon problem in the absence of magnesium admission.

Nausea, flushing, headache, lethargy to somnolence, drowsiness,diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes hypocalcemia, hypotension, bradycardia, and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes

Treatment: IV 3g of Ca gluconate or IV 1g of CaCl2

30
Q

VBG normal values

A

VpH 7.31-7.41
VpCO2 42-52 mmhg
VpHCO3 22-27 mEq/L
VpO2 30-50mmHg
VBE -3 +/- 3

31
Q

A PaO2 of 60 mmHg is roughly equal to an SaO2 of

A

PaO2 = SpO2
40 mmHg=70%
50 mmHg= 80%
60 mmHg = 90%
90 mmHg =100%

32
Q

pH and ETCO2 Relationship

For every change in _____, the ETCO2
, you should expect the pH to change_____ the _____direction

A

10 mmHg,0.08,opposite

For every change in 10 mmHg the ETCO2
, you should expect the pH to change 0.08 the opposite direction

33
Q

pH and Bicarbonate (HCO3) Relationship

For each change of ____ in pH, you should expect HCO3 to change_____ in the ____ direction

A

0.15, 10 mmol/L,Same

For each change of 0.15 in pH, you should expect HCO3 to change 10 mmol/L in the same direction

34
Q

pH and Potassium (K+) Relationship

For each change of ____ in pH, the K
+ will change ____ the ______ direction

A

0.10, 0.6 ,opposite

For each change of 0.10 in pH, the K
+ will change 0.6 the opposite direction

35
Q

CO2 and Potassium (K+) Relationship

For each change of ____ in pH, the K+ will inversely change ____ mEqs in the ____ direction.

A

0.10,0.5,same
For each change of 0.10 in pH, the K+ will inversely change 0.5 mEqs in the same direction.

36
Q

Coagulation Panel

A

PT 10 -13 sec (Prothrombin Time)
PTT 25 - 40 sec (Partial Thromboplastin Time)
INR 0.9 – 1.3 sec (International Normalized Ratio)

Anticoagulated patients (e.g. Coumadin)
Therapeutic INR 2 – 3 seconds

37
Q

Coagulation Panel: What lab values test extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, and what pathophysiology and medication affect the pathways?

A

Memory tip: “You do PT outside.”

Extrinsic pathway-PT (Prothrombin Time) -Coumadin and Trauma

Intrinsic pathway-PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time)- STEMI and Heparin

38
Q

Coagulation Panel: INR 0.9 – 1.3 sec (International Normalized Ratio)

A

INR 0.9 – 1.3 sec (International Normalized Ratio)

Low means the blood clots faster.
High means the blood clots slower

Anticoagulated patients Therapeutic INR is 2 – 3 seconds

39
Q

Liver Function Test ( 5 Test )

A

Alanine transaminase (ALT)
Aspartate transaminase (AST)
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Albumin
Bilirubin

40
Q

Alanine transaminase (ALT)

A

7 to 55U/L

The enzyme found in the liver that helps your body metabolize protein

41
Q

Aspartate transaminase (AST)

A

8 to 48 U/L

The enzyme that helps metabolize alanine, an amino acid

An increase in AST levels indicates liver damage or disease, or muscle damage.

42
Q

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

A

45 to 115 U/L

The enzyme in the liver, bile ducts, and bone.

Increased levels of ALP indicate liver damage/disease, such as a blocked bile duct, or certain bone
diseases

43
Q

Albumin

A

3.5 to 5.0 g/dL

One of several proteins made in the liver

Decreased levels of may indicate liver damage or disease

44
Q

Bilirubin

A

0.1 to 1.2 mg/dL

Produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells

Passes through the liver and is excreted in stool

Elevated levels of bilirubin (jaundice) might indicate liver damage/disease or certain types of anemia

45
Q

Lactate

A

0.5-1 mmol/L

Lactate concentration in blood is a measurement of anaerobic metabolism.

Hyperlactatemia: 2-4 mmol/L
Lactic Acidosis: >4-5 mmol/L

Elevated lactate level is most commonly caused by decreased blood flow to the cells (perfusion), systemically or locally.

46
Q

Amylase

A

25-125 U/L

Produced in the pancreas and salivary glands
Amylase breaks down carbohydrates in food into simple sugars

A test used to detect Pancreatitis > 300 U/L

Elevates within 2 -12 hours

47
Q

Lipase

A

0 - 160 U/L

Produced in the pancreas and salivary glands
Lipase breaks down fats

A test used to detect Pancreatitis

Levels >200 U/L, or up to 3 times the normal value based on specific lab

Elevates within 4 – 8 hours

48
Q

Urine Output

A

“2/1/0.5” Rule

Infant 2 ml/kg/hr
Child 1 ml/kg/hr
Adult 0.5 ml/kg/hr 30-50 ml/hr

49
Q

BNP (B-Type Natriuretic Peptide)

A

Values will increase in bloodwork, depending on the severity of CHF.

BNP is released by the atria in response to stretching and causes diuresis, reducing preload and afterload

< 100 pg/ml - No Heart Failure
> 300 pg/ml - Mild Heart Failure
> 600 pg/ml - Moderate Heart Failure
> 900 pg/ml - Severe Heart Failure

50
Q

Cardiac Panel

A

Myoglobin,CK-MB,Troponin I,AST ,LDH

51
Q

Troponin I

Onset/ Peak/Return to baseline

A

Troponin is a complex chemical molecule protein found in cardiac muscle in your body.

< 0.04 Normal
≥ 0.40 Probable myocardial infarction
> 0.60 High Probability of a STEMI

Onset 3-12 hours from after of chest pain
Peak value at 24-48 hours
Return to baseline over 5-14 days

52
Q

Myoglobin

A

Paramedic--> FPC (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions