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Nursing Fluid Balance, Electrolytes, and lab values > Lab Values > Flashcards

Lab Values Flashcards

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1
Q

RBC, HGB, RDW, blood indices, platelet count, WBC, and the differentials are included in this test

A

CBC

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2
Q

An increase of ________ can be due to chronic lung diease, person’s living at high altitudes, children with congentital heart defects, and polycythemia.

A

RBC

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3
Q

A decrease of ________ can be due to bone marrow supression, hemorrhage, hemodilution, hemolysis, or erythorcyte sickling (ruptures).

A

RBC

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4
Q

What is the normal values for Hemoglobin (HGB)?

A

Men 14-18 g/ 100 ml
Women 12-16 g/100 ml

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5
Q

True or False
All the reasons RBC and HGB are low are same reasons HCT low?

A

True

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6
Q

What is the Hematocrit (HCT) and its values?

A

Seperates erythocytes from plasma. Fastest way to determine perceont of RBC’s in plasma. HCT value generally 3 x HGb. Men 42-52% Women 37-47 %. All the reasons RBC or HGB are low, are the dame reason HCT would be low.

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7
Q

Evaluates the different types of anemia.

A

RBC indicies. MCV, MCHC, and MCH determine type of anema.

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8
Q

RBC distribution width.

A

RDW

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9
Q

WBC critcal values

A

< 2500 or > 30000

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10
Q

Single room, positive presssure room, no plants or flowers, staff wear gloves and gown, patient can only consumed cooked food, and supplies must be kept in an enclosed cart.

A

Neutropenic Precautions

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11
Q

Granular Leukocytes

A

WBC Differential

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12
Q

Most responsive to infections, tissue necrosis and inflammation.

A

Neutrophils

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13
Q

A “Band”

A

is an immature neutrophil that is being produced rapidly in the response to new or overwhelming infection. An increase in this means severe bacterial infecion or sepsis.

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14
Q

Seen with antibody-antigen complexes or allergic reaction.

A

Einophils

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15
Q

Increased during healing process. Sometimes referred to as tissue mast cells. Assoc. with asthama and allergies.

A

Basophils

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16
Q

B Cells and T Cells

A

Lymphocytes

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17
Q

Second line of defense after neutrophils.

A

Monocytes

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18
Q

Normal range for Platelets

A

150,000-400,000. Less than 100,000 is critical!

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19
Q

Low platelet count associated with leukemia or aplastic anemia.

A

Thrombocytopenia

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20
Q

Associated with polycythemia, fractures, and after spleenectomy.

A

Thombocytosis

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21
Q

Measures the amount of time needed to form a clot and measures the extrinsic clotting mechinism.

A

Prothrombin time or PT

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22
Q

All health systems use this to determine the theraputic range for Warfafin. Value around 1 is normal. We want the value of 2 or greater if the patient has a history of blood clots, and the higher this is the greater the risk for bleeding. (the person’s warfarin theroputic range)

A

INR

23
Q

Used in monitoring Heparin Therapy

A

APTT or PTT

24
Q

When this is drawn, the provider is determining if there is an infection or chronic inflammation in the body.

A

ESR Erythrocyte Sedimentation Ratio

25
Q

Na, K, Glucose, Cl, CO2, BUN, Creatinine, BUN/ creat ratio, Anion Gap.

A

BMP or Basic Chemistry

26
Q

Measures the amount of Urea Nitrogen

A

BUN

27
Q

Evaluates renal dysfunction in which a large number of nephrons have been destroyed.

A

Creatinine normal range 0.5-1.2

28
Q

Normal Glucose Range

A

74-106

29
Q

When there is an imbalance of electrolytes and acid base balance, this will be abnormal.

A

Anion Gap

30
Q

Measures the density of the urine compared to the density of water.

A

Specific Gravity

31
Q

Normal CO2 range

A

23-30 mEq/L

32
Q

Made by the pancreas and parotid glands. Increases 2-12 hours after the onset of acute pancreatitis, then returns to normal in 2-4 days.

A

Serum Amylase

33
Q

Primary enzyme of pancreas

A

Serum Lipase

34
Q

Assessing liver function

A

ALT Alanin Amino Transferase

35
Q

Found primarily in the heart and liver

A

AST Aspartate Aminotranserase

36
Q

Serum Proteins

A

Think low protein levels, poor tissue healing, and third spacing because of loss of the oncotic pull in the blood stream.

37
Q

By-product of protein breakdown. Most is aborbed in the liver then converted to urea.

A

Ammonia

38
Q

Product of cell metabolism. Greater than 2 is suspicious.

A

Lactic Acid

39
Q

More sensitive to myocardial damage. Suspicious if greater than 1. Positve if greater than 2.

A

Troponin

40
Q

Used to determine theraputic range of medications

A

Peak and Toughs

41
Q

Measures the amount of fibrin degradation that occurs. Helps to diagnose hypercoagulability, a tendency to clot inappropriately.

A

D-Dimer

42
Q

Not normally present. Produced in the liver in response to tissue injury and inflammation.

A

CRP C-reative Protein

43
Q

Secreted by the cardiac ventricles to support cardiac function, volume overload and pressure overload. Diagnosis of CHF.

A

BNP Brain Natriuretic Peptide

44
Q

Normal Sodium Range

A

136-145

45
Q

Normal Potassium Range

A

3.5-5

46
Q

Potassium, Magnesium, Phosphate, and Sulphate

A

Major intracellular electrolytes. 60% total body water. 25 liters

47
Q

Sodium, Chloride, Bicarbonate, and Calcium

A

Major extracellular electrolytes 15 liters

48
Q

NS, LR, D5W

A

Isotonic

49
Q

1/2 NS, D5W

A

Hypotonic

50
Q

3% NS, 5% NS, D10w, D51/2 NS, D5LR. Shift fluids from intracellular to extracellular.

A

Hypertonic

51
Q

Occur dailty through the skin and the lungs

A

Insensible losses

52
Q

Those of which a person is aware ie, urination, wound drainage, GI tract losses.

A

Sensible Losses

53
Q

Cystalloids

A

Isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic solutions

Nursing Fluid Balance, Electrolytes, and lab values (1 decks)

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