Lab values

Question 1

RBC normal values

Answer 1

male: 4.7-6.1 million/uL

female: 4.2-5.4 million/uL

Question 2

Hgb normal values

Answer 2

male: 14-18 g/dL

female: 12-16 g/dL

Question 3

HCT normal values

Answer 3

male: 42-52%

female: 37-47%

Question 4

WBC normal values

Answer 4

5-10,000 mm3

Question 5

Plt normal values

Answer 5

150,000-400,000/mm3

Question 6

Procalcitonin values

Answer 6

0.1ng/mL = bacterial infection absent or unlikely

0.5ng/mL = infection possible; low risk

0.5-2ng/mL = Infection likely; development of sepsis is possible

2.1-9.9ng/mL = Infection very likely; high risk

10ng/mL + = Infection severe/septic shock is probable

Question 7

Lactic acid normal values

Answer 7

Venous blood: 0.6 -2.0 mmol/L

Question 8

sodium normal values

Answer 8

136-145 mEq/L

Question 9

potassium normal values

Answer 9

3.5 -5.0 mEq/L

Question 10

calcium normal values

Answer 10

9.0-10.5mg/dL

Question 11

phosphorous normal values

Answer 11

3.0-4.5mEq/L

Question 12

magnesium normal values

Answer 12

1.3-2.1mEq/L

Question 13

blood glucose normal values

Answer 13

70-105 mg/dl

Question 14

Hemoglobin A1C normal values

Answer 14

4-6% non-diabetic

<7% diabetics

Question 15

BUN normal values

Answer 15

10-20mg/dl

Question 16

Creatinine normal values

Answer 16

0.6-1.2 mg/dl

Question 17

PT/INR normal values

Answer 17

0.8-1.1

Anticoag therapy range: 2.0-3.0

Question 18

PTT normal values

Answer 18

22.1-34.2 seconds for activated (aPTT)

Question 19

ESR normal values

Answer 19

Male = 0-15 mm/hr

Female = 0-20 mm/hr

Question 20

cholesterol desired value

Answer 20

<200mg/dL

Question 21

LDL desired value

Answer 21

< 130 mg/dL

Question 22

HDL normal values

Answer 22

Males = 35-65 mg/dL
Females = 35-80 mg/dL

Question 23

Triglyceride values

Answer 23

Desirable < 150mg/dL
Males = 40-160 mg/dL
Females = 35-135 mg/dL

Question 24

AST (SGOT) normal values

Answer 24

5-40units/L

Question 25

ALT (SGPT) normal values

Answer 25

7-56units/L

Question 26

Low RBC values (anemia) can be caused by:

Answer 26

Hemorrhage, dietary deficiency, chronic illness, chemotherapy, iron deficiency

Question 27

RBC counts greater than normal (polycythemia) can be caused by:

Answer 27

COPD, smoking, strenuous physical exercise
Falsely high in severely dehydrated patients

Question 28

transfuse if hgb is….

Answer 28

<7 g/dL

Question 29

Increase in WBC (leukocytosis) usually indicates:

Answer 29

• infection

*can also indicate inflammation, tissue necrosis, trauma or stress (emotional or physical)

Question 30

Decrease in WBC (leukopenia) usually indicates:

Answer 30

bone marrow failure

Question 31

High counts of plt (thrombocythemia) indicative of:

Answer 31

iron deficiency, chronic inflammation
Increases blood viscosity and increases risk for stroke

Question 32

Low counts of plt (thrombocytopenia) seen in:

Answer 32

acute infection, chemotherapy, heparin, lovenox

Question 33

s/s of hyponatremia:

Answer 33

weakness, confusion, lethargy

Question 34

s/s of hypernatremia:

Answer 34

dry mucous membranes, thirst, agitation, restlessness, hyperreflexia, convulsions

Question 35

s/s of hypokalemia:

Answer 35

decreased contractility of smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscles resulting in weakness, hyporeflexia, ileus, cardiac arrhythmias

Question 36

s/s of hyperkalemia:

Answer 36

irritability, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 37

s/s of hypercalcemia:

Answer 37

anorexia, n/v, somnolence, coma, kidney stones

Question 38

s/s of hypocalcemia:

Answer 38

nervousness, excitability and tetany

Question 39

s/s of hypophosphatemia:

Answer 39

paresthesia, bone pain and deformities, confusion, seizures

Question 40

s/s of hyperphosphatemia:

Answer 40

cramps, tetany, n/v

Question 41

s/s of hypermagnesemia:

Answer 41

lethargy, n/v, slurred speech

Question 42

s/s of hypomagnesemia:

Answer 42

weakness, irritability, tetany, EKG changes, convulsions

Question 43

s/s of hyperglycemia and values:

Answer 43

> 100 fasting or > 200 non fasting

Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, blurred vision, fatigue, dry mouth and skin, headache

Question 44

s/s of hypoglycemia and values:

Answer 44

<70

Confusion, hunger, tremors, altered LOC, pallor, diaphoresis, cool clammy skin

Question 45

purpose of BUN labwork

Answer 45

-Rough measurement of renal function and GFR
-Waste product of protein metabolism
-Monitors hydration status, protein tolerance and degree of catabolism (energy release from cells)

Question 46

purpose of creatinine labwork

Answer 46

Very reliable indicator of renal function

Question 47

purpose of PT/INR labwork

Answer 47

measures the clotting ability of factors I (fibrinogen), II (prothrombin), V, VII, and X

Question 48

purpose of ESR labwork

Answer 48

-Used to assist in diagnosing acute infection in diseases such as tissue necrosis, chronic infection, and acute inflammation

-It is a nonspecific indicator of disease

-Earliest indicator of widespread inflammatory reaction due to infection or autoimmune disorders

Question 49

why track cholesterol?

Answer 49

Risk for cardiac or stroke event with levels >150mg/dL

Question 50

purpose of getting CRP labs

Answer 50

-(produced by the liver)

-Its level rises when there is inflammation in the body. The body tries to heal by sending a “response team” of proteins called “acute phase reactants.” CRP is one of these proteins.

-nursing consideration: RA & lupus

Question 51

why get AST labs?

Answer 51

its normally found in a variety of tissues and is a nonspecific indicator of liver disease

Question 52

why get ALT labs?

Answer 52

normally found largely in the liver. Enzyme is released into the bloodstream as the result of liver injury. Thus, it serves as a more specific indicator of liver status.

Question 53

pitting edema: 1+

Answer 53

1/4 “

Question 54

pitting edema: 2+

Answer 54

1/4” - 1/2 “

Question 55

pitting edema: 3+

Answer 55

1/2” - 1”

Question 56

pitting edema: 4+

Answer 56

> 1”