Lab values Flashcards
RBC normal values
male: 4.7-6.1 million/uL
female: 4.2-5.4 million/uL
Hgb normal values
male: 14-18 g/dL
female: 12-16 g/dL
HCT normal values
male: 42-52%
female: 37-47%
WBC normal values
5-10,000 mm3
Plt normal values
150,000-400,000/mm3
Procalcitonin values
0.1ng/mL = bacterial infection absent or unlikely
0.5ng/mL = infection possible; low risk
0.5-2ng/mL = Infection likely; development of sepsis is possible
2.1-9.9ng/mL = Infection very likely; high risk
10ng/mL + = Infection severe/septic shock is probable
Lactic acid normal values
Venous blood: 0.6 -2.0 mmol/L
sodium normal values
136-145 mEq/L
potassium normal values
3.5 -5.0 mEq/L
calcium normal values
9.0-10.5mg/dL
phosphorous normal values
3.0-4.5mEq/L
magnesium normal values
1.3-2.1mEq/L
blood glucose normal values
70-105 mg/dl
Hemoglobin A1C normal values
4-6% non-diabetic
<7% diabetics
BUN normal values
10-20mg/dl
Creatinine normal values
0.6-1.2 mg/dl
PT/INR normal values
0.8-1.1
Anticoag therapy range: 2.0-3.0
PTT normal values
22.1-34.2 seconds for activated (aPTT)
ESR normal values
Male = 0-15 mm/hr
Female = 0-20 mm/hr
cholesterol desired value
<200mg/dL
LDL desired value
< 130 mg/dL
HDL normal values
Males = 35-65 mg/dL
Females = 35-80 mg/dL
Triglyceride values
Desirable < 150mg/dL
Males = 40-160 mg/dL
Females = 35-135 mg/dL
AST (SGOT) normal values
5-40units/L
ALT (SGPT) normal values
7-56units/L
Low RBC values (anemia) can be caused by:
Hemorrhage, dietary deficiency, chronic illness, chemotherapy, iron deficiency
RBC counts greater than normal (polycythemia) can be caused by:
COPD, smoking, strenuous physical exercise
Falsely high in severely dehydrated patients
transfuse if hgb is….
<7 g/dL
Increase in WBC (leukocytosis) usually indicates:
- infection
*can also indicate inflammation, tissue necrosis, trauma or stress (emotional or physical)
Decrease in WBC (leukopenia) usually indicates:
bone marrow failure
High counts of plt (thrombocythemia) indicative of:
iron deficiency, chronic inflammation
Increases blood viscosity and increases risk for stroke
Low counts of plt (thrombocytopenia) seen in:
acute infection, chemotherapy, heparin, lovenox
s/s of hyponatremia:
weakness, confusion, lethargy
s/s of hypernatremia:
dry mucous membranes, thirst, agitation, restlessness, hyperreflexia, convulsions
s/s of hypokalemia:
decreased contractility of smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscles resulting in weakness, hyporeflexia, ileus, cardiac arrhythmias
s/s of hyperkalemia:
irritability, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
s/s of hypercalcemia:
anorexia, n/v, somnolence, coma, kidney stones
s/s of hypocalcemia:
nervousness, excitability and tetany
s/s of hypophosphatemia:
paresthesia, bone pain and deformities, confusion, seizures
s/s of hyperphosphatemia:
cramps, tetany, n/v
s/s of hypermagnesemia:
lethargy, n/v, slurred speech
s/s of hypomagnesemia:
weakness, irritability, tetany, EKG changes, convulsions
s/s of hyperglycemia and values:
> 100 fasting or > 200 non fasting
Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, blurred vision, fatigue, dry mouth and skin, headache
s/s of hypoglycemia and values:
<70
Confusion, hunger, tremors, altered LOC, pallor, diaphoresis, cool clammy skin
purpose of BUN labwork
-Rough measurement of renal function and GFR
-Waste product of protein metabolism
-Monitors hydration status, protein tolerance and degree of catabolism (energy release from cells)
purpose of creatinine labwork
Very reliable indicator of renal function
purpose of PT/INR labwork
measures the clotting ability of factors I (fibrinogen), II (prothrombin), V, VII, and X
purpose of ESR labwork
-Used to assist in diagnosing acute infection in diseases such as tissue necrosis, chronic infection, and acute inflammation
-It is a nonspecific indicator of disease
-Earliest indicator of widespread inflammatory reaction due to infection or autoimmune disorders
why track cholesterol?
Risk for cardiac or stroke event with levels >150mg/dL
purpose of getting CRP labs
-(produced by the liver)
-Its level rises when there is inflammation in the body. The body tries to heal by sending a “response team” of proteins called “acute phase reactants.” CRP is one of these proteins.
-nursing consideration: RA & lupus
why get AST labs?
its normally found in a variety of tissues and is a nonspecific indicator of liver disease
why get ALT labs?
normally found largely in the liver. Enzyme is released into the bloodstream as the result of liver injury. Thus, it serves as a more specific indicator of liver status.
pitting edema: 1+
1/4 “
pitting edema: 2+
1/4” - 1/2 “
pitting edema: 3+
1/2” - 1”
pitting edema: 4+
> 1”
