Lab Values

Question 1

WBC

Answer 1

Normal: 5,000-10,000

High= inflammation/infection 
Low= overwhelming infections, drug toxicity(chemo)

Question 2

Neutrophiles

Answer 2

Primary phagocytosis cell in inflammatory response. 1st line of defense against infection.

Normal: 55-70%

Question 3

Hemoglobin(HgB)

Answer 3

Determine the oxygen and carbon dioxide transport capabilities

Normal: 12-17 g/dL

High= hypoxic states, chronically low PO2 levels

Question 4

Hematocrit (Hct)

Answer 4

Measures % of RBCs in volume of whole blood. Usually 3x Hgb concentration

Normal: 40-55%

High= dehydration, chronic lung    disease, chronic PO2 levels 
Low= over hydration

Question 5

RBCs

Answer 5

Determines the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

Normal: 5,000-10,000

Question 6

Glucose

Answer 6

Normal: 65-100 mg/d

Critical: 70 under

Question 7

Blood Urea Nitrogen(BUN)

Answer 7

Urea nitrogen is a waste product thats created in the liver when the body breaks down proteins. Normally kidneys filter out this waste, and urinating removed it from the body. BUN indicates dehydration, liver damage, or kidney issues

Normal: 10-20 mg/dL

High=dry(dehydrated or kidney issues/failure)
Low= diet low in protein by malnutrition or sever liver damage

Question 8

Creatinine

Answer 8

Creatinine is a waste product made by your muscles. Kidneys filter creatinine from the blood and send it out of the body through urine

Normal: 0.5-1.3 mg/dL

High= kidney failure or dehydration 
Low= diet low in protein (liver disease or malnutrition)

Question 9

Calcium (Ca+)

Answer 9

Normal: 8.4-10.5 mg/dL

Question 10

Chloride (Cl)

Answer 10

Normal: 95-105 mEq/L

Question 11

Magnesium

Answer 11

Normal: 1.5-2.4 mEq/L

Question 12

Phosphorus

Answer 12

Normal: 3-4.5 mEq/L

Question 13

Potassium (K+)

Answer 13

Normal: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Question 14

Sodium (Na+)

Answer 14

135-145 mEq/L

Question 15

Platelet count

Answer 15

Initiate clotting by producing platelet plug

Normal: 150,000-400,000mm

High=excessive clotting, acute infections
Low= infections, immunocompromised, pernicious anemia

Question 16

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)

Answer 16

Most commonly ordered lab panel and includes 10 lab values:

Sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2, glucose, BUN, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate(GFR), BUN/creatinine ratio, calcium

Question 17

Comprehensive metabolic Panel (CMP)

Answer 17

Additional lab studies that look at the health of kidneys and liver. Important for drug metabolism and excretion. Includes values in BMP along with:

Albumin, total protein, alkaline phosphatase(ALP), Alanine amino transferase(ATL also called SGPT), aspartame amino transferase(AST also called SGOT), bilirubin