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oceanography > lab test 1 > Flashcards

lab test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

latitude

A

horizontal lines 0-90° N/S

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2
Q

longitude

A

vertical lines 0-180° E/W

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3
Q

Redondo Canyon seafloor is covered in

A

mud

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4
Q

bluff cove seafloor is covered in

A

rocks

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5
Q

submarine pipes are closest to what city

A

el segundo

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6
Q

sewer water is pumped out how far

A

5.8 nautical miles

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7
Q

distance from marina del rey shore to longest sewer

A

2.3 nautical miles

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8
Q

longest/northern sewer at shore distance to king harbor

A

5.3 nautical miles

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9
Q

distance bluff cove to king harbor

A

3.4 nautical miles

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10
Q

depth of the E compass rose

A

237 fathoms x 1 foot/6 fathoms = 1422 feet

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11
Q

closer lines mean

A

steeper

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12
Q

shoreline drop

A

line shifts father out

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13
Q

long steep slope is caused by

A

faults and rifting

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14
Q

raise sea level

A

shifts shoreline in, hill becomes island

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15
Q

if seamounts top is 300, then true top is and if bottom is 400 then true bottom is

A

250+/- and 450+/- whole height is 200

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16
Q

bathymetry

A

write all depths from far - shore on x axis, sketch side view, label land and ocean and slope

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17
Q

convergent boundaries with subduction zones have

A

trenches, tsunamis, largest earthquakes, volcanoes

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18
Q

example of continental continental convergence

A

himalayas

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19
Q

north america separates from africa

A

175 million years ago forming the atlantic ocean

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20
Q

india begins separating from antarctica about

A

120 million years ago

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21
Q

india first reached equator about

A

65 million years ago

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22
Q

india hit asian about

A

20 million years ago forming the himalayas

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23
Q

north and south america sub ducted and what happened

A

they subducted into a trench, forming volcanoes which formed panama and panama canal.

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24
Q

north and south america joined

A

5 million years ago

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25
Q

north and south america joining caused

A

blockage of currents, the beginning of the ice age, temperature dropped 5°

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26
Q

baja CA separated from mexico

A

10 million years ago

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27
Q

plates separate and

A

oceanic crust forms

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28
Q

baja and S CA are moving

A

north

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29
Q

gulf of CA is

A

getting larger

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30
Q

BAJA and S CA will eventually

A

become an island

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31
Q

Red Sea began separating to join indian ocean

A

5 million years ago

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32
Q

east africa will eventually

A

break off and become an island

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33
Q

mountain rock vs beach rock

A

mountain rock is slightly rounded but still angular; beach rock is very small very round and tan

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34
Q

inner shelf vs outer shelf SP

A

inner is round, biggest rocks, tan and dull while outter shelf is tiny round and dull

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35
Q

SP basin vs Tanner Basin

A

SP basin has shiny shells and dull sand mixed together, tiny + round
Tanner basin: smallest and shiniest, mostly colored shells

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36
Q

outer cabrillo beach vs inner

A

outer: finer and smaller
inner: larger and less rounded bc it only gets small waves

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37
Q

south point, kona coast

A

green, white, dull, smooth

made of olivine and coral and basalt that comes from olivine and coral and volcanoes?

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38
Q

city of refuge

A

grey, black, white, fine and angular

comes from coral and basalt (volcanoes)

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39
Q

kapalana beach

A 
black/brown, fine, rounded
from basalt (volcanoes)
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40
Q

oahu

A

fine, shiny, round, colorful

from shells and coral

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41
Q

higher density minerals are what color

A

dark colors

42
Q

light or dark minerals sink faster

A

dark bc higher density

43
Q

darker colored minerals are more common on a winter beach because

A

the waves are intense and so it’s likely they carried the lighter rocks away (lower density)

44
Q

lithogenous

A

grey, claylike, fine, dusty, powdery, rounded

found near land, made of eroded land sediments

45
Q

siliceous ooze (radiolarians)

A

white, round, dusty, powdery

found near equator where surface waters are cool and calm and they can accumulate

46
Q

calcareous ooze (foraminifera)

A

cream, round, fine, powdery,

found near ridge because it dissolves if the water is too deep due to cold and CO2(acid)

47
Q

red clay

A

red, round, fine, dull, dusty

found on plains far from continents

48
Q

alcohol or water spreads more and why

A

alcohol, water sticks together better due to cohesion and evaporates slower

49
Q

stronger bond: water or alcohol

A

water because it binds to other things, doesn’t spread or drop as easily

50
Q

what’s the best solvent

A

water because it’s polar and has hydrogen bonds, it dissolves things by connecting to separates parts of molecule ie: Oxygen connects to Na and H connects to Cl

51
Q

how would the ocean be different if water wasn’t a good solvent

A

salts and nutrients in ocean would just settle on the bottom and there wouldn’t be any life

52
Q

if you dissolve 4 grams of salt in 96 grams of water what’s the percentage of salt

A

4/100 = 4%

53
Q

boiling water

A

water temperature increases by about 6 every 30 seconds until the temperature reaches 100 (starts at 53)

54
Q

why does water stop at 100°

A

this is the boiling point so the water begins to evaporate and be released as steam

55
Q

do liquid water molecules ever stop moving

A

no

56
Q

which water spreads out more evenly and quickly

A

warm (molecules are moving faster)

57
Q

which water gets more acidic salty or fresh

A

freshwater

58
Q

what does warm water do when placed in normal water

A

rises to the top

59
Q

what happens to cool water in room temp water

A

sinks and spreads on the bottom

60
Q

what does salty water do in room temp water

A

spreads on bottom and mixes well

61
Q

egg floats when?

A

its density is lower than water (salt water)

62
Q

fluids density and support

A

higher density = more support (salt water)

oil=low density= low support

63
Q

would plankton get more support from salty lagoon or freshwater lake, warm or cold water

A

salty and cold water because they would float better and be able to conduct photosynthesis easier

64
Q

method used to retrieve plankton sample

A

dragged net for 5 mins at 1mph

65
Q

are plankton captured in net representative of all plankton

A

no bc diatoms are smaller than 5 microns, we got copecod zoo plankton and algae

66
Q

which plankton is most abundant

A

copecod plankton - 1/10 plant size, base of food chain (only need sunlight)

67
Q

secchi disk test

A

disappears at 4.5 m, so photic zone is 3x4.5 = 13.5 m

68
Q

what’s the photic zone

A

depth at which visibility of materials in ocean is possible

69
Q

what does forel color blue 10(blue green) indicate about water

A

amount of all plankton, autumn bloom

70
Q

where are phytoplankton more abundant

A

far from shore (ocean is blue here)

71
Q

why are plankton more abundant in one place

A

they can only live in nutrient rich areas, water is less mixed near the shore due to waves, river runoff and thermocline

72
Q

when are phytoplankton more abundant near coast

A

spring-autumn april-september because sun is closer to earth

73
Q

temperature of water at surface

A

68°F/20°C

74
Q

salinity of water at surface

A

33%

75
Q

pH of water at surface

A
  1. 5+/-

6. 14 with pH meter

76
Q

period of waves

A

7 seconds

77
Q

wavelength of waves in surf zone

A

6 fingers, 40-50ft

78
Q

waves in harbor are

A

smaller because they are protected with breakwater

79
Q

entrance to king harbor is on south side why?

A

long shore transport moves sand south due to waves, if entrance was on north side it would fill with sand

80
Q

storm drains

A

drain street to ocean

81
Q

why are beaches closed after it rains

A

hazardous chemicals get washed onto beach/ocean

82
Q

why is harmful bloom common in harbor

A

confined space that’s concentrated w fertilizer

83
Q

evidence of high tide

A

mussels barely visible, no beach

84
Q

what’s on mudflat

A

moss and algae

85
Q

why are wetlands important to fish

A 
mating area(50% all fish mate here)
protection from fish and waves
86
Q

why are wetlands important to birds

A

food supply, protection from coyotes and raccoons

87
Q

rocks on low cliff by ocean

A

sedimentary, turbidites

88
Q

where did layers of sandstone and shale form

A

deep in ocean (1 mile) and they entered land through convergence

89
Q

white layers

A

diatomite

90
Q

why are these diatomite rocks important to economies

A

paint (flat/matte), gardening (keep out snails) and pool filters

91
Q

how old are these diatomite sedimentary turbidites

A

15 million years

92
Q

marine provinces off southern california

A

cold temperate, warm temperate, subtropical

93
Q

5 kinds of marine habitats

A

rocky shores, channel island, sandy beach, open ocean, kelp forest

94
Q

kelp products

A

gunpowder(extract acetone and potash)
alginic acid
salad dressing(stabilizer, reduces separation with carageenan and algin)
frozen food (carrageenan and algin absorb water and prevent ice crystals)

95
Q

what percentage of wetlands in CA have been destroyed

A

78%, they were commercialized (turned into ports, residences, etc) with artificial landfill

96
Q

biggest sources of oil pollution

A

transportation, river runoff
wetlands are harmed by oil spills bc oil gets trapped in waterways and vegetation, cleanup is very difficult and animals are harmed

97
Q

man made changes of mudflat in LA long beach harbor

A

early 1900s: shipping channels dredged, spoil used for landfill, LA river diverted

1928: deadman’s island removes to widen shipping channel
* altered mudflat environment, animals suffer
* artificial landfill

98
Q

what formed basins and banks and islands

A

patton escarpment is deescalating across pacific due to plate movement

99
Q

household item being crushed

A

stirofoam cup shrinks at 12000ft/2000 fathoms to 1.5 inches

100
Q

wetlands benefit humans

A

clean and filter water

oceanography (1 decks)

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