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Fish Identification course > Lab stuff to know > Flashcards

Lab stuff to know Flashcards

1
Q

Using beach seining, what types of fish can be collected in large numbers?

A

Small benthic fish

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2
Q

Where are backpack electroshokers used?

A

Streams + shallow rivers

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3
Q

Trawling techniques catch what types of fish?

A

Pelagic ones

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4
Q

What are the four parts of a beach seine net?

A

1 - Float line
2 - Webbing
3 - Lead line
4 - Poles

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5
Q

Minnow seines have a ____- inch mesh. A __ foot depth is sufficient for minnow seines.

A

1/4

4

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6
Q

Electrofishing more easily catches ________ fish than ______ fish.

A

Larger

smaller

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7
Q

What are the main purposes of electrofishing?

A 
Stock assesment
sampling/health surveys
tagging
catching spawners
anaesthetising or eliminating species
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8
Q

What are the three pieces of gear used during electrofishing?

A

1 - power unit
2 - transformer
3 - electrodes

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9
Q

The anode is _______ and the cathode _______.

A

negative

positive

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10
Q

The choice of material and size of electrode can influence ______ _______ and the shape of these will influence the electrical field _______.

A

fishing efficiency

strength

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11
Q

What is the back of the trawling net called?

A

Bag

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12
Q

Trawling can either be done ___-____ or at the ______ of a body of water.

A

mid-water

bottom

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13
Q

Trawl mouths can range from ___ to ____ feet.

A

30-100

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14
Q

The mouth of the trawling net is held open by two large ______.

A

Doors

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15
Q

Mensual characters are ________.

A

Continuous

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16
Q

Mertistic characters are _______.

A

discrete

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17
Q

What is one issue with morphometrics? How is it remedied?

A

Certain absolute measures cannot distinguish juveniles and adults.
Remedied by taking proportions or percents of the fish’s SL or TL.

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18
Q

What is SL?

A

Standard length:

Tip of snout to base of caudal fin.

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19
Q

What is TL?

A

Total length:

Length from tip of snout to tip of caudal fin.

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20
Q

Who and what fish eat is strongly correlated with what?

A

Internal and external morphology

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21
Q

_____ and ______ of the mouth and jaw are important indicators of food items since they will _____ the type of prey that a fish can ingest.

A

Size
protrusibility
limit

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22
Q

_________ (more than one word) is correlated with the digestibility of the main food items of fish.

A

Length of the gut/intestine

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23
Q

Piscivorous fish tend to have larger _____ but smaller _______ ______ than hervivorous fish.

A

stomach

intestinal length

24
Q

Fish with ________ mouths capture things above them and often eat small things off the surface of the water.

A

superior

25
Q

Fish with ______ mouths eat material in the water column.

A

terminal

26
Q

Fish with ________ mouths eat things that live in the bottom.

A

inferior

27
Q

What is a protrusible jaw?

A

Premaxilla can separate from the maxilla.

28
Q

Piscivorous fish tend to have _______ teeth that are either: _____, ______ or ________.

A

pointy

triangular, canine, villiform

29
Q

Fish that have to crush hard parts with have flattened _________ teeth.

A

molariform

30
Q

Molariform teeth can be either on the _____ or as ________ ______.

A

jaws

pharyngeal teeth

31
Q

Some fish have no teeth. these fish strain ________ out of the water column or subsist on soft food found in the ____.

A

plankton

mud

32
Q

What are gill rakers?

A

Projections of bone/cartilage that project off the gill arches.

33
Q

What do rakers do?

A

Prevent food entering the mouth from escaping through the gills.

34
Q

Piscivorous fish will have _____, ______ spaced rakers.

Species that filter small things out of the water will have _____, _____ rakers that are _______ packed together.

A

short, widely

long, thin, tightly

35
Q

The _____ ____ is a mechanosensory system used by fish to detect ______ _____.

A

Lateral line

water motion

36
Q

The lateral line has been described as _____ _____.

A

distant touch

37
Q

What are the receptors in the lateral line for detecting water motion?

A

Neuromasts

38
Q

Each neuromast has an individual ______ ____ with an attached _______.

A

hair cell

cupula

39
Q

How is the hair cell stimulated?

A

Water pushes it and bends it to stimulate it

40
Q

All fish have at least some free _______ neuromasts on their body surface or at the bottom of shallow pits (_______ _________)

A

Superficial

canal neuromasts

41
Q

Schooling fish use their lateral line to _______ and predator fish used it to ________.

A

Detect their schoolmates

detect minute prey movements

42
Q

What is rheotaxis?

A

Orientation to water current

43
Q

What is the scientific name for a zebra fish?

A

Danio rerio

44
Q

Growth rate and age estimates are important for what?

A

1 - Assessing health of the fish populations
2 - setting catch limits
3 - Identify stressors
4 - Predict future population sizes

45
Q

Growth is rarely measured in the wild because?

A

Difficult to catch the same fish repeatedly

46
Q

What are the two ways to estimate growth rate and age?

A

1 - Peterson method - length-frequency distribution

2 - use hard parts like scales and otoliths

47
Q

What is an assumption of the Peterson method?

A

That fish can be placed into distinct year classes

48
Q

What is a cohort?

A

fish born in the same year

49
Q

What is a problem with scales? Why dont otoliths have this problem?

A

Fall off and are replaced.

Stay with the fish for life.

50
Q

What are circuli?

A

Rings

51
Q

What are annuli?

A

Yearly rings

52
Q

What is the equation for back-calculation of growth rates?

A

lt = l (st/s)
lt - length at time t
l - length
st - distance from the center to the annual ring of interest
s - total distance from the center of the otolith to the edge

53
Q

What plot is used to estimate growth rates and maximum fish sizes?

A

Walford plots

54
Q

True measures of diversity can be influenced by what?

A

1 - number of samples
2 - method of collection
3 - timing of samples
4 - other factors

55
Q

When is number of individuals relevant?

A

If only interested in total biomass or restrict sample to few species

56
Q

Does number of individuals indicate diversity?

A

No

57
Q

What is species richness?

A

number of species

Fish Identification course (8 decks)

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