Lab Study 2 Flashcards
What are the reference ranges for Total bilirubin 6 days to 60 years and direct bilirubin?
Total Bilirubin: 6 days to 60 years 5 - 21 umol/L
Direct Bilirubin: < 7umol/L
What is unconjugated bilirubin?
Unconjugated bilirubin is bilirubin bound to albumin.
In % how much total bilirubin in circulation will be unconjugated versus conjugated bilirubin?
80% of total bilirubin in circulation is unconjugated.
20% is conjugated bilirubin.
Why is it good there is a lesser amount of conjugated bilirubin in circulation?
It is good there is a lesser amount of conjugated bilirubin in circulation as it is a toxic substance.
How should samples be treated that are collected for bilirubin analysis?
Specimens collected for analysis must be free of hemolysis and lipemia, and must be protected from the light.
How many different functions is it estimated that the liver performs?
500
Is there anything the liver can’t do?
What are some of the conditions that Lactate Dehydrogenase is elevated in?
Elevated levels of LD seen in a variety of clinical conditions, hence it is non-specific:
Megaloblastic anemia
Disseminated carcinoma
Shock
Mild increases in: Muscular disorders Nephrotic syndrome Cirrhosis Myocardial Infarction Leukemia Hemolytic anemia Non-viral hepatitis
What conditions is creatine kinase (CK) used to diagnosis and monitor?
CK used in diagnosis and monitoring of myopathies –> myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis, and muscular dystrophy; or other trauma, toxin or drug-induced muscle injury.
How does the extent of exercise affect CK activity?
Exercise can significantly increase serum CK activity. The extent of elevation depends on the severity of exercise and conditioning of the patient.
How is creatine kinase used as an indicator for disesase?
CK is a sensitive, but non-specific indicator, and is often used with other biomarkers and clinical work-up to make a complete diagnosis.
What are the adult reference ranges for CK?
CK Reference Ranges:
Female: 28 - 110 U/L
Male: 52 - 175 U/L
What is the measurement of alkaline phosphatase used to help diagnosis and monitor?
ALP testing is used for diagnosing and monitoring the treatment of liver (hepatobiliary disorders), bone, intestinal and parathyroid diseases.
How do you determine unconjugated bilirubin levels if they can’t be measured?
Unconjugated bilirubin is calculated from measured total bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin levels as follows:
Unconjugated bilirubin = Total bilirubin - conjugated bilirubin
Why is unconjugated bilirubin called indirect bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin called direct bilirubin?
- Unconjugated called indirect because it is calculated and not directly measured.
- Conjugated is called direct because it is directly measured.