Lab Study 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the reference ranges for Total bilirubin 6 days to 60 years and direct bilirubin?

A

Total Bilirubin: 6 days to 60 years 5 - 21 umol/L

Direct Bilirubin: < 7umol/L

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2
Q

What is unconjugated bilirubin?

A

Unconjugated bilirubin is bilirubin bound to albumin.

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3
Q

In % how much total bilirubin in circulation will be unconjugated versus conjugated bilirubin?

A

80% of total bilirubin in circulation is unconjugated.

20% is conjugated bilirubin.

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4
Q

Why is it good there is a lesser amount of conjugated bilirubin in circulation?

A

It is good there is a lesser amount of conjugated bilirubin in circulation as it is a toxic substance.

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5
Q

How should samples be treated that are collected for bilirubin analysis?

A

Specimens collected for analysis must be free of hemolysis and lipemia, and must be protected from the light.

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6
Q

How many different functions is it estimated that the liver performs?

A

500

Is there anything the liver can’t do?

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7
Q

What are some of the conditions that Lactate Dehydrogenase is elevated in?

A

Elevated levels of LD seen in a variety of clinical conditions, hence it is non-specific:
Megaloblastic anemia
Disseminated carcinoma
Shock

Mild increases in:
  Muscular disorders
  Nephrotic syndrome
  Cirrhosis 
  Myocardial Infarction
  Leukemia
  Hemolytic anemia
  Non-viral hepatitis
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8
Q

What conditions is creatine kinase (CK) used to diagnosis and monitor?

A

CK used in diagnosis and monitoring of myopathies –> myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis, and muscular dystrophy; or other trauma, toxin or drug-induced muscle injury.

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9
Q

How does the extent of exercise affect CK activity?

A

Exercise can significantly increase serum CK activity. The extent of elevation depends on the severity of exercise and conditioning of the patient.

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10
Q

How is creatine kinase used as an indicator for disesase?

A

CK is a sensitive, but non-specific indicator, and is often used with other biomarkers and clinical work-up to make a complete diagnosis.

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11
Q

What are the adult reference ranges for CK?

A

CK Reference Ranges:
Female: 28 - 110 U/L
Male: 52 - 175 U/L

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12
Q

What is the measurement of alkaline phosphatase used to help diagnosis and monitor?

A

ALP testing is used for diagnosing and monitoring the treatment of liver (hepatobiliary disorders), bone, intestinal and parathyroid diseases.

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13
Q

How do you determine unconjugated bilirubin levels if they can’t be measured?

A

Unconjugated bilirubin is calculated from measured total bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin levels as follows:

Unconjugated bilirubin = Total bilirubin - conjugated bilirubin

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14
Q

Why is unconjugated bilirubin called indirect bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin called direct bilirubin?

A
  1. Unconjugated called indirect because it is calculated and not directly measured.
  2. Conjugated is called direct because it is directly measured.
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