Lab safety Flashcards
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Adminis- tration
CLSI
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
Source of biologic
Infectious agents
Source of sharps
Needles, lancets, broken glass
Source of chemical
Preservatives and reagents
Source of electrical
Ungrounded or wet equipment; frayed cords
Source of Fire/ explosive
Open flames, organic
chemicals
Source of physical
Wet floors, heavy boxes, patients
Possible Injury of biologic
Bacterial, fungal, viral, or parasitic infections
Possible injury of sharps
Cuts, punctures, or blood-borne pathogen exposure
Possible injury of Radioactive
Radiation exposure
Possible injury of electrical
Burns or shock
Possible injury of Fire/ explosive
Burns or dismemberment
Possible injury of physical
Falls, sprains, or strains
chain of infection
how microor- ganisms are transmitted
Infectious agents consist of
bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses
location of potentially harmful microorganisms
reservoir
contaminated clinical specimen or an infected patient is an example of?
reservoir
What makes an excellent reservoir?
Humans and animals
It is an Equipment and other soiled inanimate objects. will serve as reservoirs, particularly if they contain blood, urine, or other body fluids
fomites
becomes inactive when conditions are not ideal
Spores
What is the way to exit the reservoir to continue the chain of infection.
mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, and eyes, and in blood or other body fluids
the unprotected host touches the patient, specimen, or a contaminated object (reservoir)
Direct contact
inhalation of dried aerosol particles circulating on air currents or attached to dust particles
Airborne
the host inhales material from the reservoir (e.g., aerosol droplets from a patient or an uncapped centrifuge tube, or when specimens are aliquoted or spilled)
Droplet
ingestion of a contaminated substance (e.g., food, water, specimen)
Vehicle
from an animal or insect bite
Vector
After the infectious agent has been transmitted to a new reservoir, it must have a means to enter the reservoir
Portal of entry
They are exposed to infectious specimens or needlestick injuries. Immunocompromised patients, newborns and infants, and the elderly are often more susceptible hosts.
susceptible host
What are the possible reason to be a susceptible hosts
exposed to infectious specimens or needlestick injuries
Stress, fatigue, and lack of proper nutrition depress the im- mune system
They are often more susceptible hosts
Immunocompromised patients, newborns and infants, and the elderly
the most direct contact with a source of infection is through?
contact with patient specimens
How to break the link of the reservoir
Disinfection and hand hygiene
How to break the link of the portal of exit?
- Sealed biohazardous waste containers
- Sealed specimen containers
- Hand hygiene
- Standard precautions
How to break the link of the means of transmission
- Hand hygiene
- Standard precautions • PPE
- Patient isolation
How to break the link of the portal of entry?
- Hand hygiene
- Standard precautions • PPE
- Sterile equipment
How to break the link of the susceptible host?
• Immunizations • Patient isolation • Nursery precautions • Healthy lifestyle
major importance in the laboratory
Proper hand hygiene, correct disposal of contaminated materials, and wearing personal protective equipment (PPE)
blood-borne pathogens
hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodefi- ciency virus (HIV)
In what year does the CDC instituted Universal Precautions (UP)?
1987
Under this guidelines all patients are considered to be possible carriers of blood- borne pathogens
Universal Precautions (UP)
The Universal Precautions (UP) guideline recommends wearing ______ when collecting or handling body fluids contaminated with blood
Gloves
The Universal Precautions (UP) guideline recommends wearing ________ when
there is danger of blood splashing on mucous membranes
What is the modification of UP for body substance isolation (BSI) helped to alleviate this concerns?
The CDC excluded urine and body fluids not visibly contaminated by blood from UP, although many specimens can contain a considerable amount of blood before it becomes vis- ible.
What does UP stands for?
Universal Precautions (UP)
What does BSI stands for?
body substance isolation (BSI)
What does BSI guidelines stated?
personnel should wear gloves at all times when encountering moist body substances.
major disadvantage of BSI guidelines
they do not recommend handwashing after removing gloves unless visual contamina- tion is present.
