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Principles of med lab science > lab rules > Flashcards

lab rules Flashcards

1
Q

Reasons why accidents happen in the laboratory (12)

A

Carelessness
Over crowding
Misbehavior
Poor Laboratory management
Inadequate Safety training
Inadequate Instructions
Inadequate Facilities
Inadequate Preparation
Inadequate Equipment
Unsafe Experiments
Ignorance
Teaching Experience

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2
Q

It is defined anything that has the capacity to cause damage or injury

A

Laboratory Hazard

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3
Q

People working here are exposed to different kinds of hazards

A

laboratory

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4
Q

What are the kinds of hazards

A

Animal hazard
Sharp Instrument Hazard
Heat Hazard
Glassware Hazard
Chemical Hazard
Electrical hazard
eye and face hazard
Fire hazard
biohazard
laser radiation hazard
radioactive hazard
explosive hazard

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5
Q

what are the major classification of hazards?

A

physical, chemical, and biological

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6
Q

What are under the physical hazards?

A

sharps/glassware
machines
electrical
radioactive
fire/ explosive
ergonomic

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7
Q

what are under the chemical hazards

A

health, environment, physical

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8
Q

what are under the biological hazards

A

bacteria
fungi
viral
parasitic
prions

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9
Q

infectious disease are the causes of this hazard

A

Biological

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10
Q

needles, lancets, and broken glass are the major causes of this hazard

A

sharps

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11
Q

Preservatives and reagents are the source of this hazard

A

chemical

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12
Q

equipment and radio isotopes are the source of this hazard

A

radioactive

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13
Q

Ungrounded or Wet
Equipment; Frayed Cord are the source of this hazard

A

electrical

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14
Q

Bunsen Burners, Organic
Chemicals are the source of this hazard

A

fire/explosive

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15
Q

Wet Floors, Heavy Boxes,
Patients are the cause of this hazard

A

physical

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16
Q

Bacterial, Fungal, Viral, or
Parasitic Infections possible injury

A

biological

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17
Q

Cuts, Punctures, or Blood-Borne
Pathogen Exposure possible injury

A

sharps

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18
Q

Exposure to Toxic, Carcinogenic,
or Caustic Agents
possible injury

A

chemical

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19
Q

Radiation Exposure possible injury

A

radioactive

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20
Q

Burns or Shock possible injury

A

electrical

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21
Q

Burns or Dismemberment
possible injury

A

fire/explosive

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22
Q

Falls, Sprains or Strains possible injury

A

physical

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23
Q

Hazards brought about by living organisms infecting and causing
diseases to human and animals

A

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

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24
Q

Present in specimens tested in the clinical laboratory.

A

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

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25
Q

major biological risks in biological hazards

A

Blood borne pathogens

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26
Q

mandates that all
laboratory workers must observe the UNIVERSAL
PRECAUTION

A

Occupational Safety and Health Act

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27
Q

ALL biological waste, except
…………… must be placed in
appropriate containers labeled
with the biohazard symbol

A

urine

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28
Q

how to discard urine?

A

by pouring the urine into the laboratory sink, avoid splashing, then flush it with water

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29
Q

disinfection of the sink using a …… dilution of sodium hypochlorite and should be performed daily

A

1:5 or 1:10 dilution

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30
Q

All sharps, including needles and broken glass,
will be disposed of in

A

labeled plastic sharp containers

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31
Q

why no recapping of needles?

A

recapping may result in accidental puncture which can lead to potential exposure to infectious biological agents

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32
Q
  • Sharp containers must be
A

closable, puncture resistant, leak proof on sides and bottom, and labeled biohazard

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33
Q

chemical is considered hazardous if it is determined to be:

A

flammable
explosive
toxic/poisonous
corrosive
irritant
environmental hazard

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34
Q

what are the physical hazards (chemical symbols)

A

explosive
flammable liquid
oxidizing liquid
compressed gas
corrosive to metals

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35
Q

what are the health hazards (chemical symbols)

A

acute toxicity
skin corrosion
skin irritation
CMR, STOT,
Aspiration Hazard

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36
Q

what is the environmental hazards (chemical symbols)

A

hazardous to the aquatic environment

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37
Q

substances that will
combust if exposed to open flame.

A

flammable

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38
Q

ethyl alcohol

A

flammable

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39
Q

substances that will explode
when exposed to open flame

A

explosive

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40
Q

nitrate containing substances

A

explosive

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41
Q

substances that can lead to serious body
injury or even death when inhaled, ingested
or absorbed by the skin.

A

TOXIC/POISONOUS

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42
Q

Mercury, concentrated HCl,
muriatic acid

A

TOXIC/POISONOUS

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43
Q

substances that can
burn or destroy living tissues and can eat
away other materials

A

CORROSIVE

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44
Q

Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

A

CORROSIVE

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45
Q

substances that
causes inflammation upon contact
with skin or mucous membranes

A

IRRITANT

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46
Q

Xylene

A

IRRITANT

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47
Q

substances that
interact with other substances which
often forms a new substance or
decomposes the substance.

A

REACTIVE

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48
Q

Sodium oxide -
reacts with water causing
combustion

49
Q

is a measure of how easily a gas, liquid, or solid will
ignite and how quickly the flame will spread

A

Flammability

50
Q

Flammable liquids themselves are not flammable; rather the ……………..
from the liquids is combustible

51
Q

two physical properties of
a material that indicate its flammability

A

Flash point and Boiling Point or volatility

52
Q

– is the temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor

A

flash point

53
Q

an indication of how easily the liquid
or solid will pass into the vapor stage

A

volatility

54
Q

they can ignite
spontaneously with no external source of ignition

A

pyrophoric

55
Q

. Flammability information can be found here under the fire and explosion data

A

MSDS or materials safety data sheets

56
Q

The best first aid for chemical spills

A

flush the area with large amount of water for at least 15 minutes and then seek medical attention

57
Q

All laboratory personnel should

A

know the proper use and location of the emergency shower and eye wash stations

58
Q

Do not ……………….. chemicals that come in
contact with the skin

A

neutralize

59
Q

proper way to avoid the possibility of
sudden splashing caused by rapid
generation of heat in some
chemical reactions

A

acid should always be added to water

60
Q

it is
unacceptable in the laboratory.

A

pipetting by mouth

61
Q

WHAT ARE THE 7 PERSONAL SAFETY IN HANDLING CHEMICALS

A
  1. use fume hoods whenever dispensing or pipetting dangerous chemicals.
  2. safety goggles, glasses, face shield and laboratory gown should be worn at all times in the laboratory and remove it when leaving the laboratory
  3. gloves should always be worn when handling with blood and other body fluids and should be disposed to the appropriate trash bin
  4. wash hands before donning gloves and after doffing of gloves
  5. tie long/curly hair and remove any jewelry including your watch
  6. do not apply cosmetics in the laboratory
  7. eating, drinking, and using of cellular phones are not allowed in the laboratory
62
Q

what are the rules in labelling?

A
  1. everything must be labeled
  2. hazardous material must include all necessary safety information
  3. Diamond shaped, color coded NFPA
    (National Fire Protection Act) labels are
    required to identify the nature of hazardous
    material
63
Q

The lab, by law, must provide written policies for the safe use of
hazardous chemicals (OSHA regulation

A

hazard communication

64
Q

list of all safety information created by the manufacturer for each
laboratory reagent (biological or chemical)

A

material safety data sheet

65
Q

Lab must have written Chemical Hygiene Plan that provides specific
work practices for hazardous chemicals

A

Laboratory Standard

66
Q

requires all facilities that use hazardous
chemicals to have written chemical hygiene plan
available for all employees

A

OSHA occupational safety and health administation

67
Q

chemical spills clean up (acid spills)

A

. Wear appropriate PPE when cleaning up spills:
2. Acid Spills:
a.Apply neutralizer (or sodium bicarbonate) to the perimeter of the
spill.
b.Mix thoroughly until fizzing and evolution of gas ceases.
c.Transfer the mixture to a plastic bag, tie shut, fill out a waste
label and place inside the fume hood.

68
Q

chemical spills clean up (solvent spills)

A

a.Apply activated charcoal to the perimeter of the spill.
b.Mix thoroughly until material is dry and no evidence of solvent
remains.
c. Transfer the absorbed solvent to a plastic bag, tie shut and
place inside the fume hood.

69
Q

STORAGE OF CHEMICALS

A

a. Flammable areas should be cool enough to prevent ignition when
the vapor mixes with air. Adequate ventilation should be provided
to prevent vapor build up.

b. Flammable materials should never be stored near acids.

c. Avoid storing flammable materials in conventional refrigerators.
Sparks generated by internal lights or thermostats may ignite
flammable material inside the refrigerator, causing an extremely
dangerous explosion hazard

70
Q

NFPA Symbol

A

Yellow - instability
white - specific hazard
blue - health hazard
red - fire hazard

71
Q

Fire Hazards (flash points)

A

4 - below 73F
3 - below 100F
2 - above 100F not exceeding 200F
1- above 200F
0 - will not burn

72
Q

Instability grading

A

4 - may detonate
3 - shock and heat may detonate
2 - violent chemical change
1 - Unstable when heated
0 - stable

73
Q

The purpose of the chemical hygiene plan

A
  1. Appropriate work practices
  2. Standard operating procedures
  3. PPE
  4. Engineering controls such as fume hoods and
    flammables safety cabinet
  5. Employee training requirements
  6. Medical consultation guidelines
74
Q

Specific hazard grading

A

ACID - acid
ALK - alkali
COR - corrosive
OXY - oxidizer
P - polymerization
SA - simple asphyxiant
radioactive
use no water

75
Q

health hazard grading

A

4 - deadly
3 - extreme danger
2 - hazardous
1 - slightly hazardous
0 - normal material

76
Q

FIRE PREVENTION IN THE LABORATORY

A
  1. Be aware of the ignition sources in the laboratory area (electrical
    equipment, heat sources, and sockets).
  2. Never store flammable liquids in the standard refrigerators. Explosionproof refrigerators are needed for storage of flammable liquids.
  3. Store flammable liquids in appropriate safety cabinets/safety cans.
  4. Make sure the electrical cords are in good condition. All electrical outlets
    should be grounded and should accommodate a 3-pronged plug.
77
Q

is a document that contains
information on the potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity and
environmental) and how to work safely with the chemical product.

A

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS)

78
Q

msds should include the following:

A
  1. Physical and chemical characteristics
  2. Fire and explosion potential
  3. Reactivity potential
  4. Health hazards and emergency first aid procedures
  5. Methods for safe handling and disposal
  6. Primary routes of entry
  7. Exposure limits and carcinogenic potential
79
Q

ELECTRICAL
HAZARDS

A
  • All electric equipment must be
    grounded with three-pronged plugs
  • If electric shock accidents occur,
    never touch the person or the
    equipment involved.
  • Turn off the circuit-breaker/unplug
    the equipment/move the equipment
    using a nonconductive glass or
    wood object
80
Q

–a risk that comes from handling biodegradable
materials, volatile chemicals and gases which combust when
exposed to a heat source;

A

fire hazard

81
Q

most commonly encountered danger in the
laboratory

A

fire hazard

82
Q

COMPONENTS OF FIRE

A

oxygen
fuel
heat

83
Q

ordinary combustions:
wood, paper, fabric, and many plastics

A

fire type a

84
Q

flammable liquids and gases: gasoline, oils, paints, lacquer, and tar

A

fire type b

85
Q

fire involving electrical equipment

A

fire type c

86
Q

combustible metals or combustible metal alloys

A

fire type d

87
Q

fires in cooking appliances that involve combustible cooking media; vegetable or animal oil or fats

A

fire type k

88
Q

Fire extinguishers are coded
to reflect the type of fire they
can put out. What are the appropriate color for a,b,c,d, and k

A

a - green
b- red
c- blue
d- yellow
k- black

89
Q

IF A FIRE IS DISCOVERED?

A

RACE
R - RESCUE
A- ALARM
C- CONTAIN
E- EXTINGUISH

90
Q

R [RESCRUE]
A [ALARM]
C [CONTAIN]
E [EXTINGUISH
explain:

A

RESCUE ANYONE IN IMMEDIATE
DANGER

ACTIVATE THE INSTITUTIONAL FIRE
ALARM SYSTEM

CLOSE ALL DOORS TO POTENTIALLY
AFFECTED AREAS

ATTEMPT TO EXTINGUISH THE FIRE, IF POSSIBLE; EXIT THE AREA

91
Q

TO OPERATE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER:

A

PASS
P- PRESS THE PIN
A- AIM NOZZLE AT BASE OF THE FIRE
S - SQUEEZE THE HANDLE
S- SWEEP NOZZLE SIDE TO SIDE

92
Q

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS:

A
  1. Avoid running in rooms and hallways.
  2. Watch for wet floors.
  3. Bend knees when lifting heavy objects.
  4. Keep long hair pulled back.
  5. Avoid dangling jewelry.
  6. Maintain a clean, organized work area.
  7. Wear closed-toe shoes that provide maximum support and
    comfort
93
Q

based on the ……….. studies, it is
composed of 3 components that are linked together.

A

Traditional Epidemiological

94
Q

For an infection to occur, all three components must be

A

linked consistently

95
Q

By ………………….. we prevent infections from
occurring.

A

BREAKING the “links”

96
Q

3 components of the chain of infection

A

source
transmission
host

97
Q

colors of containers or bag

A

black
green
yellow
yellow with black band
orange
red

98
Q

black bag means

A

noninfectious dry waste

99
Q

green bag means

A

non infectious wet waste

100
Q

yellow bag means

A

infectious and pathological waste

101
Q

yellow with black band means

A

chemical waste including those heavy metals

102
Q

orange bag means

A

radioactive waste

103
Q

red bag means

A

sharps and pressurized containers

104
Q

infectious agent

A

bacteria
fungi
virus
parasites

105
Q

reservoir

A

humans
animals
blood
insects
body fluids

106
Q

how to break the line in the reservoir part?

A

through:
disinfection
hand hygiene

107
Q

portal of exit

A

nose
mouth
mucous membrane
specimen collection

108
Q

how to break the line in the portal of exit part?

A

sealed biohazardous waste disposal
sealed specimen disposal
hand hygiene
standard precautions

109
Q

means of transmission

A

droplet
airborne
contact
vehicle
vector

110
Q

how to break the line in the means of transportation part?

A

hand hygiene
standard precautions
ppe
patient isolation

111
Q

portal of entry

A

nose
mouth
skin
mucous membrane
unsterile equipment

112
Q

how to break the line in the portal of entry part?

A

hand hygiene
standard precautions
sterile equipment

113
Q

Susceptible host

A

patients
elderly
newborns
health care workers
immunocompromised

114
Q

how to break the line in the susceptible host part?

A

immunizations
patient isolation
nursery precautions
healthy lifestyle

115
Q

how to break the line in the source?

A

hand washing
biohazardous waste disposal
decontamination
specimen bagging

116
Q

how to break the line in the transmission?

A

hand washing
ppe
aerosol prevention
sterile/disposable equipment
pest control

117
Q

how to break the line in the host?

A

standard precautions
immunization
healthy lifestyle
exposure control plan
postexposure prophylaxis

118
Q

instructor

A

lere c. almendral, rmt, msph

Principles of med lab science (1 decks)

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