Lab Review Flashcards
In the fetal pig, what sex has a urogentital opening beneath the papilla just superior to the anus?
female
What two characteristics do all mammals have?
hair, mammary glands
The esophagus connects the pharynx with which organ?
stomach
What is the hard portion of the roof of the mouth called?
hard palette
What is the opening to the trachea called
glottis
Name the largest organ in the abdominal cavity?
liver
What structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
diaphragm
Name the structure just dorsal to the thyroid gland.
trachea
What structure covers the glottis?
epiglottis
If a probe is placed through the glottis, it will enter what structure?
larynx
The heart is located in what major cavity?
thoracic
What other major organs are in the same cavity?
lungs
The stomach connects to what part of the small intestine?
duodenum
What structure in the urinary system carries urine to the bladder?
ureter
Which structure in the urinary system receives urine from the bladder?
urethra
What portion of the urinary system carries sperm?
urethra
Where are the testes located in human males?
scrotum
What is the function of the vas deferens?
conducts sperm
What is the function of the prostate gland?
produce secretions
Where are the ovaries located?
pelvic cavity - oviduct
What is the function of the uterus?
development of fetus/embryo
What is the function of the ovaries?
produce eggs and sex hormones
The vas deferens in males compares with which structure in females?
oviduct
What organ in males is analogous to the vagina?
penis
Where are sperm produced in the testes?
seminiferous tubule
What structure in the ovary contains the developing oocyte?
vasicular follicle
Name two glads that add fluid to semen after sperm reach the urethra?
prostate and balbourous
On the basis of anatomy, explain why the urethra is part of both the urinary and reproductive systems in males?
because it carries urine and sperm
A vasectomy is a procedure in which both of the vas deferens are severed. Why would such a procedure cause fertility?
Sperm would not be able to leave penis
The pancreas belongs to what system of the body?
digestive/endocrine
Where do air and food passages cross one another?
pharynx
What organ releases bile?
gall bladder
What difficulty would probably arise if a person was born without an epiglottis?
choking
A large portion of the abdominal cavity is taken up by digestive organs. Which organs are these?
pancreas, gall bladder, liver, stomach, small and large intestine
Difficulties maintaining blood glucose level, bile production, and the production of blood proteins might be associated with problems in what organ?
liver
What are the 4 pathways outside of the body?
urine, reproduction (egg and sperm) food or mouth to anus, sperm to release, egg to release, urine
During what stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
sythesis
Name the phase of cell division during which separation of sister chromatids occur?
anaphase
By what process does the cytoplasm of a human cell separate?
cytokinesis
Name the phase of cell division when duplicated chromosomes first appear?
prophase
Where in the humans would you expect to find meiosis taking place?
ovary/testes
If there are 13 pairs of homologues in a primary spermatocyte, how many chromosomes are there in a sperm?
13
What term refers to the production of an egg?
oogenesis
What do you call chromosomes that look alike and carry genes for the same trait?
homogulous
If homologues are separating, what phase is this?
anaphase I
If the parental cell has 24 chromosomes, how many does each daughter cell have at the completion of meiosis II
12
Name the type of cell division during which homologues pair?
meiosis
Name the type of cell division described by 2n > 2n
mitosis
Does metaphase of mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II have the haploid number of chromosomes at the equator of the spindle?
mitosis II
Meiosis functions to reduce chromosome number. When, during the human life cycle, is the diploid number of chromosomes restored?
fertilization
How does the alignment of chromosomes differ between metaphase of mitosis and metaphase of meiosis II?
individual chromosomes and pairs of chromosomes
A student is simulating meiosis I with homologues that are red-long and yellow-long. Describe the appearance of two non sister chromatids following crossing-over?
exchange of traits
What are the 4 kinds of birth control methods?
hormone, permanent, barrier and other(abstinence, temp)
Mary’s father does not have freckles but Mary does. What genotypes could Mary’s mother have?
heterozygous or homozygous dominant
What is the genotype of a man who has unattached earlobes but whose mother has attached earlobes?
heterozygous Uu
A cross gives a 3:1 phenotypic ratio. What are the genotypes of the parents?
heterozygous
What does a geneticist construct to show the inheritance pattern of a genetic disorder within a family?
pedigree analysis
The alleles of which parent, regardless of phenotype, determine colour blindness in son?
mother
If only males are affected in a pedigree chart, what is the likely inheritance pattern for the trait
X linked recessive
Which cross gives a better change of an offspring with the recessive phenotype A) Aa x Aa or B) Aa x aa
B
Mary has a widow’s peak but her sister has a smooth hairline. Is either one of Mary’s parents homozygous dominant or recessive?
homozygous recessive
If the parents are not affected and a child is affected, what is the inheritance pattern?
recessive
The parents are homozygous recessive for freckles. What are the chances the children will have freckles
0
A man has Huntington disease (autosomal dominant). He cannot assume his mother passed him the gene. Why not?
not sex linked. Need to know dad
A boy is a hemophiliac but his mother is not. What is her genotype?
hetero XHXh
The trait is autosome recessive and the results of a cross are 1:1. Using A = dominant and a = recessive, give the genotypes of the parents.
Aa x aa
Give the genotype of a girl that is a hemophiliac
XhXh
A body part located toward the back?
dorsal
A body part located toward the front?
ventral
A body part located toward the head?
anterior
A body part located toward the rear?
posterior
Part of the digestive system, stores food and has numerous gastric glands that secrete gastric juices, which digests proteins.
stomach
Is a part of the digestive tract that receives secretions from the pancreas and gallbladder
small intestine
First part of the small intestine that have ducts
duodenum
Besides being an organ for digestion of all components of food (carbohydrates, protein, fat) this organ absorbs the products of digestion: glucose, amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids
small intestine
Part of the digestive tract that absorbs water and prepares faces for defecation at the anus
large intestine
Main portion of the large intestine that runs anteriorly and then horizontally before turning posterior again
colon
In the pelvic region this is the last part of the large intestine
rectum
The rectum leads to what?
anus
Largest organ in the abdomen that performs numerous vital functions, including disposing warn-out red blood cells, producing bile, storing glycogen, maintaining the blood glucose level, and producing blood proteins
liver
Stores and releases bile (which aids in digestion of fat) a
gallbladder
A duct from the gallbladder takes bile to where?
small intestine
Bile is an emulsifier that breaks up fat to droplets to help with what?
digestion
