Lab Quz 6 Fungi

Question 1

Multicellular Fungi are composed of …..

Answer 1

Hyphae: are strands of single cells

Question 2

What is Mycelium?

Answer 2

Mycelium is an interwoven mass of hyphae

Mycelia can be organized (mushrooms)
Or
Mycelia can be disorganized (molds)

Question 3

What does it mean when hyphae is septate?

Answer 3

That the hyphae has cell walls (septa)

Question 4

What does it mean when hyphae is coenocytic

Answer 4

The hyphae has no cell walls

Question 5

Phylum Basidiomycota

Answer 5

-Club Fungi: mushrooms, puffballs, shelf Fungi, rusts, smuts)

-Macrofungi: Fruiting bodies = mushrooms (basidiocarps)

-On gills in mushrooms are basidia
–> Each basidium holds 4 basidiospores (products of meiosis)
–> Gills or pores increase surface area and hold basidia

Question 6

Phylum Ascomycota

Answer 6

-Sac Fungi- after their asci, sac-like sporangia
–> each accused contains 8 ascospores

-macrofungi: edible truffles and morels, plus plant and human pathogens

-extended dikaryotic phase

-hyphae are septate
–> septa have pores and small spherical bodies (Woronin bodies) to regulate passage of material between cells
–> can plug holes if cell wall is damaged and cytoplasm lost

Question 7

Saccaromyces (baker’s yeast)

Answer 7

Phylum: Ascomycota
-Reproduction
–>asexually by budding
–>sexually forming ascospores inside parent cells (which act as asci)

-Single-celled yeast may turn to filaments growth
-yeast-forming ascomycetes include human pathogens
–> ex: Candida (thrush, yeast infections)

Economically important - brewing, baking, used in biotechnology

Question 8

Penicillium notatum

Answer 8

Phylum: Ascomycota

Filaments conidial ascomycetes

Reproduces asexually by conidia, small dispersal agents formed at tips of hyphae

Greenish mold commonly found on fruit and cheese

Source of penicillin

Question 9

Phylum Zygomycota

Answer 9

Bread Molds

Multiple types of specialized hyphae
–> Sporangiophores
–> Stolons
–> Rhizoid hyphae

Reproduction
-> Zygospore: diploid spore that results from the fusion of two haploid hyphae of different mating strains (sexual)

Coenocytic hyphae

Many saprobic, some facultatively or obligately parasitic

Ex: Rhizopus, black bread mold

Question 10

Phylum Chytridiomycota

Answer 10

Only fungal group with flagellated cells
–> restricted to moist environments

Has alternation of generations

Parasitic or saprobic

Chytridiomycosis
–> Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Question 11

Phylum Glomeromycota

Answer 11

Forms mycorrhizae: symbiotic relationships with plant roots
-> Fungi receives photosynthates and/or protection
-> plants receive nutrients, minerals, increased access to water soil, and protection from pathogenic Fungi or bacteria

2 types of mycorrhizae
-> Endomycorrhizae & Ectomycorrihizae

80-90% of plant species have some mycorrhizal relationship

Some plants are obligate hosts - orchids

Question 12

Endomycorrhizae

Answer 12

Are a type of mycorrhizae where Fungi reach within plant cells (Glomeromycota)

–> Arbuscules: highly branched structures around plasma membrane

Question 13

Ectomycorrhizae

Answer 13

A type of mycorrhizae where Fungi envelope the exterior of the plant root/cells (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota)

Question 14

Lichens

Answer 14

Mutualistic association between a fungus and a green alga or cyanobacterium
-> Fungus (mycobiont): an ascomycete or basidiomycete; receives photosynthates
-> Alga or bacterium (photobiont): receives protection and liberated nutrients

Relationship allows lichens to grow in inhospitable environments (polar, rocks, high elevations, etc.)

Morphotypes characterized by growth habit
> crustose- flat bodies
> Folicose (thallose) - leaf-like plates
> fruticose (suffruticose) - highly branched like small shrubs

Reproduce by dispersing soredia, which contain fungal spores and algae packaged together